SF 751 
.R6 
1911 







Glass __ 

Book 

GopyriglrtlSl?- 

COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 




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DR. DAVID ROBERTS PRACTICAL 
HOME VETERINARIAN 

PRICE $1.00 



NINTH EDITION 
Revised to 1911 



Copyright 191 1 
By David Roberts, D. V. S. 



Fublished by DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO. 

500 Grand Ave., Waukesha, Wisconsin, U. S. A. 











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Dr. David Roberts Starting Out on a Special Dairy Train. 




Dr. David Roberts Addressing Live Stock Breeders on Diseases of Cattle from 

Special Dairy Train. 



• CI.A-J8G504 



Dr. David Roberts' Practical 
Home Veterinarian 



A BOOK CONTAINING 

much valuable information on the care and treat- 
ment of Cattle, Horses, Swine, Sheep and Poul- 
try, and a review in alphabetical order of the 
diseases to which they are subject, together with 
the causes and symptoms, and the most efficient 
medicines for each. 

ALSO A CATALOGUE 

listing the best Disinfectants, Medicines, Calf 
Meal, Stock Tonics and Appliances required in 
the handling and treatment of Live Stock of all 
kinds. 

Written and Compiled by 

DAVID ROBERTS, D. V. S. 
Cattle Specialist. 

President of 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO 

500 Grand Ave. 

WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN. 




Dr. David Roberts and his Arabian Team. 




Dr. David Roberts Giving a Tuberculosis Demonstration at His Veterinary Hospital. 

WatUKCsna., wis. 



General Index of Dr. David Roberts 5 
Practical Home Veterinarian 



Introductory ] 3 

Portrait of Dr. David Roberts 15 

Biographical Sketch , 18 

Department of Free Advice 17 

Laboratory and Experiment Station 18 

To the Veterinary Profession 19 

How to Examine a Sick Animal 21 

Care and Treatment of a Sick Animal 21 

Never Drench Cattle 21 

How to Give a Cow Medicine 22 

Table of Gestation 22 

Prescriptions — Tabulated 145 

CATTLE SECTION. 

History and Statistics of the Cattle Industry 24 

A Study of Breeds 27 

Care and Management of Cattle on the Farm 30 

Beef Herd : 31 

Dairy Herd 31 

Feeding Dairy Cows 32 

Testing for Butter Fat S3 

Age of Cattle 34 

Symptoms and Treatmert of Diseases of Cattle 35 

Abortion — Nature of the Disease. . 35 

Abortion — Effect on Profits 36 

Abortion — How to Prevent Loss •* 38 

Abortion — Disposing of the Cow 39 

Abortion — Relation to Cthcr Diseases 40 

Abortion — Effects of Ergot 41 

Abortion — Barrenness Cauced by 42 

Abortion — Symptoms 43 

Abortion — Treatment and Directions 44 

Abortion — What High Authorities Cay ■ 46 

Abscess 51 

Afterbirth Retained 47 

Afterbirth — How to Frevcrt Retention 49 

Afterbirth Retained— Iiow to Treat 51 

A:.thrax — Symptoms and Treatment 52 

Appetite Depraved 52 

Barrenness — Cause 52 

Barrenness — How to Treat 54 

Black Leg — Cause and Treatment 56 

Bloating — How to Prevent and Treat 56 

Blood Poisoning 57 

Boils— How to Treat .' 57 

Bowel Stoppage 57 

Bronchitis — Cause — How to Treat 57 



INDEX. 

Page 

Calf Cholera — How to Know It anrl How to Prevent It 5g 

Calf Cholera— How to Treat 60 

Calf Indigestion — How to Know It 60 

Calving 60 

Casting the Withers, or Expulsion of the Womb 61 

Castrating 61 

Catharrhal Fever — The Treatment 62 

Choking 62 

Clean — Failure 61 

Cold— How. to Treat 62 

Colic or Cramps — Symptoms and Treatment 62 

Constipation in Calves 63 

Constipation or Stoppage of Bowels in Cattle 63 

Cow Pox — Treatment 63 

Dehorning — How to Operate 63 

Diarrhoea in Cattle — How to Treat It 64 

Eye Diseases — Treatment 64 

Fevers — Use of Fever Thermometer — How to Control Fever 64 

Fistulas — How to Treat 65 

Foot Disease 65 

Founder — How to Know It — The Treatment 65 

Frost Bites — Treatment 65 

Garget or Caked Udder — How to Treat 66 

Genital Disease 66 

Gestation Period 66 

Gonorrhoea in Bulls — How to Treat 66 

Grass Staggers — Treatment for Same 66 

Grubs or Warbles 67 

Hard Milkers 67 

Indigestion and the Remedy 67 

Inflammation of the Lungs — How to Treat 67 

Inflammation of the Womb — How to Treat 68 

Inflammation of the Udder — The Treatment 68 

Inflammation of the Testicles — The Treatment 68 

Inflammation of the Tongue — The Treatment 68 

Inflammation of the Joints — The Treatment 68 

Johne's Disease 87 

Itch 68 

Leucorrhoea or Whites — The Treatment 68 

Lump Jaw 69 

Lung Fever 69 

Mammitis — Cause and Treatment 69 

Milk Blue 69 

Milk Fever or Parturient Paresis 69 

Milk Bloody or Stringy — Treatment 70 

Navel Diseases of Calves 70 

Paralysis of the Bowels 71 

Paralysis of the Hind Parts 72 

Pink Eye 72 

Red Water in Cattle 7Z 



INDEX. 1 

Page 

Rheumatism — Cause and Treatment 12 

Kinging Bulls — Use of Trocar 12 

Ringworm — The Cause 73 

Scours in Calves 73 

Skin Diseases — How to Treat 73 

Slobbering — How to Treat 73 

Sore Mouth — Treatment 73 

Sore Throat 73. 

Sprains — How to Treat ." . . . 73 

Sunstroke — Treatment 74 

Suppression of Milk — Treatment 74 

Surgical Operations '.-... 74 

Teat Stoppage or Stricture 74 

Teat Sore 74 

Teat Warts 75 

Ticks — How to Destroy 78 

Tuberculosis — How to Know It IS 

Tuberculosis — How to Apply Test 76 

Tumors — The Treatment 77 

Ulcers — How to Treat 78 

Urine Retained 78 

Vomiting — Treatment 78 

Warts 78 

Wounds — How to Heal Them 79 

Sworn TVatimonv Pruvinp Succp" <",f Dr David Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment 81 

Prescriptions — For Cattle Ailments — Tabulated 145 

HORSE SECTION. 

History 88 

Horse's Age 88 

Symptoms and Treatment of Diseases of the Horse 89 

Abortion in Mares, or Slinking of the Foal 89 

Abscess — How to Treat 89 

Asthma — Treatment 89 

Azoturia, or Paralysis of the Hind Parts, and Treatment of Same 89 

Barrenness in Mares 90 

Barrenness in Mares — How to Treat 91 

Bloating — How to Treat 91 

Blood Poisoning 91 

Bog Spavin — How to Treat 91 

Bone Spavin 92 

Broken Knee — How to Treat 92 

Broken Wind — How to Treat 92 

Bronchitis — How to Treat 92 

Bruises — How to Treat 92 

Bruises of the Frog — How to Treat 92 

Burns and Scalds — Treatment 92 

Calk Wounds — How to Treat 93 

Capped Elbow or Shoe Boil — The Treatment 93 

Capped Knee 93 

Capped Hock — How to Treat 93 



8 INDEX. 

Page. 

Castration, or Cutting Colts — How to Perform the Operation 93 

Catarrhal Fever — How to Treat 93 

Choking — How to Treat 94 

Cocked Ankles — How to Treat 94 

Cold in Head— How to Treat 94 

Colic— How to Treat 95 

Constipation — How to Treat 95 

Corn$ — How to Treat 96 

Coughs — How to Treat 96 

Cracked Heels — How to Treat 96 

Cramp of Joints — How to Treat 97 

Curb— How to Treat 97 

Diarrhoea — How to Treat. 97 

D istemper ...... 97 

Drench — How to 96 

Dropsy — How to Treat 97 

Dysentery — The Treatment 97 

Eczema — How to Treat 98 

Eye Inflammation — How to Treat 98 

Fever— How to Treat ,. 98 

Fistula — How to Treat 98 

Flatulent Colic— How to Treat 98 

Flies— How to Get Rid of 98 

Foaling 99 

Founder — Cause and Treatment 99 

Glanders — An Incurable Disease, How to Know It. 100 

Grease Heel — How to Treat 100 

Harness or Collar Galls— How to Treat 100 

Heaves — How to Treat 101 

Hipped 101 

Impaction of the Bowels 101 

Indigestion, or "Out of Condition" — The Treatment 101 

Influenza — How to Treat 102 

Injections — How to Administer 102 

Kidney Disease — How to Treat 102 

Lameness — How to Treat 103 

Lameness — Deep-seated 103 

Laryngitis — How to Treat 103 

Leucorrhcea — How to Treat 103 

Lice — How to Destroy 104 

Lung Fever — How to Treat 1 04 

Lymphangitis — How to Treat 1 04 

Mange — How to Treat 104 

Moon Blindness — How to Treat 105 

Mouth Sore — How to Treat 105 

Nasal Gleet— How to Treat 105 

Navel Disease in Colts — How to Treat 105 

Navicular Lameness — How to Treat 105 

Open Joint — How to Treat 106 

Paralysis — How to Treat . 106 



INDEX. 9 

Page. 

Ta rashes — How to Destroy 106 

Parturition — Care During 106 

I'enis 106 

Pharyngitis — How to Treat 106 

Pills 107 

Pimples — How to Treat 107 

Pink Eye 107 

Pleurisy — How to Treat 107 

Pneumonia — How to Treat 107 

Poll Evil 107 

Purpura Hemorrhagica — How to Treat 10S 

Quittor — How to Treat 10S 

Ringbone — How to Treat 108 

Ringworm — How to Treat 108 

Roaring — How to Treat 108 

Rupture — How to Treat 108 

Scalds and Burns — How to Treat 109 

Scratches — How to Treat 109 

Shoe Boil 109 

Skin Disease — How to Treat 109 

Sores — How to Treat 109 

Sore Throat — How to Treat 110 

Spavin — How to Treat 110 

Speedy Crack — How to Treat 110 

Splints 110 

Sprains — How to Treat 110 

Sterility — How to Treat 11 

Strangles — How to Treat 11 

Stringhalt — How to Treat 11 

Sunstroke — How to Treat 11 

Swelling — How to Treat 11 

Sweeney — How to Treat 11 

Sheath — Necessity for Cleansing 112 

Synovitis — How to Treat 112 

Teeth (Irregular) Should Have Attention 112 

Tendon Sore — How to Treat 112 

Testicles Swollen — Treatment 113 

Thoroughpins— How to Treat 113 

Thrush 113 

Tumors — How to Treat 1 14 

Ulcers — How to Treat 114 

Urine Retained — How to Treat 114 

Warts — How to Remove 114 

Wind Broken — How to Treat 114 

Wind Galls — How to Treat 114 

Wire Cuts 115 

Worms — Treatment for 115 

Wounds — How to Care for 116 

Horse Owners Give Their Experiences 118 

Prescriptions for Horse Ailments — Tabulated 148 



10 INDEX. 

Page. 
SWINE SECTION. 

Care and Management of Swine. 120 

Selection 120 

Feeding : 120 

How to Get Best Results 121 

Castration 121 

Gestation 121 

Farrowing 121 

Swine Diseases — Symptoms and Treatments 121 

Abortion in Sows 121 

Diarrhoea — Treatment 122 

Hog Cholera — Treatment 122 

Lice — Treatment 122 

Thumps 122 

Worms 122 

Prescriptions for Swine Ailments — Tabulated 153 

SHEEP SECTION. 

History 124 

Breeding Age 125 

Care and Management 125 

Castration 125 

Coupling 125 

Docking 125 

Feeding 125 

Gestation 125 

Lambing 126 

Rams 126 

Selection 126 

Shelter 127 

Tagging 127 

Diseases of Sheep — Symptoms and Treatments 127 

Distemper or Epizootic — How to Treat 127 

Grub in Head of Sheep , 128 

Indigestion — How to Treat 128 

Intestinal Worms — How to Treat 128 

Lung Worms — How to Treat 128 

Prescriptions for Sheep Ailments — Tabulated 153 

POULTRY SECTION. 

Care and Management 130 

Standard Weights 130 

Selection of Breeds 130 

Location of Poultry Houses 130 

Feeding Chicks 131 

Feeding for Eggs 131 

Fattening Poultry 132 

Feeding Turkeys . . .' 132 

Poultry Diseases — Symptoms and Treatment 132 

Bronchial Roup — How to Treat 133 

Canker — How to Treat 133 

Catarrhal or Diphtheric Roup— How to Treat , , 133 



itfBKX. 11 

Page 

Chickenpes— How to Treat M milium • 133 

Cholera — How to Treat 133 

Crop Bound — How to Treat 134 

Diarrhoea— How to Treat 134 

Gapes — How to Treat 134 

Leg Weakness — How to Treat 135 

Lice — How to get Rid of 135 

Moulting—Care During Period of 135 

Pip— How to Treat 135 

Roup— How to Treat 136 

Scaly Legs— How to Treat 136 

Worms — How to Get Rid of 136 

Valuable Poultry Pointers 137 

HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC AT HOME 139 

Catalogue of Dr. David Roberts' Veterinary Medicines 155 to 182 

Endorsement of the Waukesha National Bank 144 

Prescriptions for Poultry Ailments — Tabulated- 153 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Fever Thermometers , 182 

Milking Tubes 87 

Teat Plug, assorted sizes 182 

Tuberculin — Price of 181 

Teat Expander 182 

Teat Bistoury 182 

Hypodermic Syringe 182 

Tuberculosis Demonstration 4 

Teat Plug 25 

Teat Expander '. 150 

Teat Bistoury 150 

Milking Tube 35 

Dr. David Roberts, With His Famous Arabian Team 4 

Fac-Simile of Dr. Roberts'" Diploma from Chicago Veterinary College 14 

How to Give a Cow Medicine 22 

Type of Original Spanish Cattle 25 

Various Breeds of Cattle 25to30 

How to Tell Age of Cattle 34 

Feet of Cows Seveiely Afflicted with Ergotism 41 

Instrument and How to Inject Anti-Abortion Medicine 45 

How to Flush Genital Organs of Cow and Bull 45 

Showing How Easily Cattle Can Be Treated in Run Way 45 

Womb of Barren Cow 55 

Womb Dilator in Position 55 

How to Bandage a Cow Suffering from Caked Udder 66 

Overcoming a Case of Milk Fever 70 

Navel or Umbilical Cord 71 

How to Apply Test for Tuberculosis 77 

Autopsy of Tubercular Cattle , 77 

Device for Throwing Cattle 79 

Herds of Cattle Treated for Abortion 80 

Yeksa Sunbeam 82 

How to Drench a Horse 95 

Methods of Applying Antiseptic Poultice 116 

Tuberculin Testing Outfit 181 

Instruments for Stock Raisers' Use • 182 

How to Order 183 



!2 INDEX 

LIST OF DR. DAVID ROBERTS' PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Page 

MEDICATED SALT, prevents diseases and expels worms 138 

VIGORINE, for stimulating genitial organs of live stuck ISO 

GENISEPTOL, for cleansing genitial organs of live stock 

CALF M EAL : .... 154 

ANTI-AIM >RTION TREATMENT, for preventing and overcoming Abortion 155 

ANTISEPTO, for washing the genital organs of live stock 156 

BREEDING TONIC, for toning the genital organs of live stock 157 

COW CLEANER, for expelling retained afterbirth ■ 158 

CALF CHOLERA REMEDY, for preventing and overcoming scours in live stock 159 

MILK FEVER OUTFIT, for preventing and overcoming milk fever in cows 160 

LAXOTONIC, for constipation and paralysis of the bowels in live stock 161 

COW TONIC, for loss of appetite and to increase the flow of milk 162 

HORN KILLER, for preventing growth of horns on calves 175 

BADGER BALM, for sore teats and inflamed udder 160 

GERM KILLER, for washing wounds and bathing inflamed parts 163 

SKIN OINTMENT, for all skin diseases, such as mange, ringworm, etc 163 

ANTISEPTIC POULTICE, for poulticing swollen or inflamed parts, 164 

EYE LOTION, for sore and inflamed eyes 165 

WORM POWDER, for destroying and expelling worms from live stock 165 

WHITE LINIMENT, for rheumatism and muscular soreness in man or beast 166 

ABSORBENT, for lump jaw, removing unnatural enlargement on body or limbs 166 

UMBILICURE, for preventing navel diseases in colts and calves 167 

WARTINE, for removing warts 167 

FEVER PASTE, for distemper, coughs, colds and all throat and lung troubles 168 

STOKDIP, for dipping live stock 168 

HEALING LOTION, for healing old sores and puss cavities, fistula, poll evil, etc 169 

HEAVE POWDER, for heaves, asthma, broken wind and irregular breathing 169 

HORSE TONIC, to aid digestion, purify the blood and sleeken the coat 170 

PHYSIC BALL, for stimulating unthrifty, wormy and hide-bound horses 172 

COLIC DRENCH, for spasmodic or wind colic; also water trouble 171 

HEALING OIL, for collar and harness galls and all superficial wounds 172 

HOOF REMEDY, for growing new hoofs, overcoming and preventing contraction 173 

LUCKY FOUR BLISTER, a penetrating and stimulating blister.. 173 

BONE BLISTER, for bone spavin, ring bone, side bone, curbs and splints 173 

KIDNEY AID, for preventing and overcoming kidney diseases, such as Azotura 174 

FLY OIL, for protecting stock from flies and insects 175 

HOG TONIC, for overcoming and preventing diseases and worms in swine 176 

SHEEP TONIC, to aid digestion, prevent worms and diseases 162 

POULTRY TONIC, to make hens lay and prevent diseases 177 

POULTRY CHOLERA MEDICINE, for preventing and overcoming cholera 174 

POULTRY ROUP PASTE, for overcoming roup 178 

DIOLICE, for destroying lice on live stock and poultry 178 

STOKVIGOR, for making your own stock tonic at home 179 

DISINFECTALL, destroys germs, prevents infectious diseases, such as abortion, tuberculosis, calf 
cholera, hog cholera, glanders, etc. 180 



INTRODUCTORY 




HE only way by which the farmer, dairyman, poukryman, stock or 
cattle owner can real.^e the most from his investment and his labor 
is by continually guarding t.e health and welfare of his live stock 
as a precautionary measure, and to employ the most advanced pre- 
scriptions and discoveries in eradicating disease as soon as it appears. 
It is the object and purpose of this book to present in clear, concise 
and simple language, facts with which every farmer and cattle owner 
should be acquainted. It gives you a brief history of the most import- 
ant farm animals; also interesting statistics. It tells you how to care 
for and manage your live stock. How to keep them in good condition 
so as to always produce the best results. How to prevent disease. 
How to know disease when it does appear, and lastly, how to treat and overcome dis- 
ease. The precautionary measures, to start with, are absolute cleanliness, with con- 
ditions and surroundings as sanitary as possible. Then it is necessary at all times 
to have on hand a sufficient supply of good disinfectants, to destroy parasites and germ 
life of all kinds, which multiply so rapidly and exist everywhere, especially where 
cleanliness is neglected. 

In this book we make mention of the different diseases to which live stock is 
subject, and we treat at some length on these for which we have a positive, tried and 
tested prescription. We make note of other diseases for which we do not claim to have 
a prepared prescription, and these subjects will be a matter of correspondence direct 
with Dr. David Roberts, who will give each and every inquiry his careful and personal 
attention. In regard to the prescriptions which are offered in this book, we wish to say 
that they are the result of thousands of experiments and the experience of over twenty 
years of active veterinary practice in the richest dairy cattle section of the United States. 
Exceptional opportunities have been offered Dr. David Roberts for studying the 
cause and effect of such complicated and persistent diseases as Abortion, Barrenness 
Retention of the Afterbirth, Scours in Calves, etc., and on such subjects he is a recog- 
nized authority, as hundreds of unsolicited testimonials will prove. 

Abortion, for instance, is a germ disease; the germ is found in the mother's blood 
afterbirth and bowels of the foetus, and such conditions can only be corrected by the 
hypodermic injection of such medicines as will destroy and eradicate the germ and 
thus restore the animal to a healthy condition. 

We make mention of this to illustrate that the treatment and prescriptions for 
these diseases are the subject of much scientific study, and cannot be successfully 
handled except by a man of much experience and practice. These things can- 
not be learned from books. The knowledge must be acquired from the most 
thorough and successful masters — Experience and Practice. Dr. David Roberts, in his 



14 

daily practice, administers with unequalled success exactly the same prescriptions 
which are offered you here, and with his letter of advice and instructions you can 
accomplish the same wonderful results in your herd which he meets with wherever 
he is called. The prescriptions here offered, in addition to being used by Dr. David 
Roberts in his practice, have been used to a great extent by live stock owners 
throughout the country, and have met with marked success. For this reason it is 
our purpose to now introduce them to every owner of live stock in America, and if 
you should give them a trial and find them to do what we claim, it would be a 
move in the right direction and a boon to suffering animal kingdom if you would 
recommend them to your friends and neighbors. 

With the above remarks we will close our introductory chapter, and would request 
that you read carefully the following pages, which we are certain will result to your 
benefit. 

We hope after reading this book we will have convinced live stock owners that 
after all has been said on the subject, the fact cannot be denied that to guard and pro- 
tect the health and comfort of your animals is, and truly is, "The Only Way." 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO., 

Dr. David Roberts, Cattle Specialist, President. 




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Fac-simile of Dr. David Roberts' Diploma from Chicago Veterinary College. 




DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH 



Dr. David Roberts has for years occupied a conspicuous place among the veterina- 
rians of the United States. In appointing him State Veterinarian of Wisconsin, which 
position he held during the years 1906-07-08, Governor Davidson made the selection 
from hundreds of applications and his acceptance of Dr. Roberts' resignation on Nov. 
1, 1908, which given in part shows the beautiful record he had established, and 
won for him the esteem of the state officials. His work has been of unusual import- 
ance to the live stock interests of the Northwest. He has traveled widely in the prac- 
tice of his profession, and through his efforts infectious diseases have been stamped 
out from among many valuable herds in all parts of the country. 

For generations back the Roberts family has been interested in the breeding and 
treating of live stock. Twenty-five years before any veterinary college had been estab- 
lished in America, J. P. Roberts, the grandfather of Dr. David Roberts, was engaged 
to some extent in treating horses and cattle. His father, John M. Roberts, was a 
well-known stock raiser and farrier, his services being in demand even at the pres- 
ent time, owing to his experience and good judgment. 

It will thus be seen that Dr. David Roberts was, in a measure, born in this pro- 
fession. 

During the early part of Dr. David Roberts' life he attended the district school 
and later entered Beloit College. Returning from Beloit he successfully managed his 
father's stock farm with its extensive milk interests and a side line of draft horses, 
hogs and sheep. His great natural love of stock, and the success which attended his 
every effort with them persuaded him to enter the Chicago Veterinary College in order 
that his usefulness to domestic animals, which serve mankind so faithfully, might be 
extended. 

In 1889 Dr. David Roberts graduated from the Chicago Veterinary College, and 
his desire of becoming a cattle specialist induced him to leave the larger cities and 
locate in the beautiful city of Waukesha, which is in the very heart of the large dairy 
industry of this great state, where he has since 1889 enjoyed a large cattle practice. 
While he has devoted his time to the general practice of the Veterinary Science, still 
it must be understood that he is eminently a 

CATTLE SPECIALIST, 

and as such is far more competent to handle and treat the complicated diseases of dairy 
cattle than one who has not paid particular attention to this line of work. On account 
of the magnitude of the cattle industry in this country, the Doctor places this branch 
of the practice ahead of all others, and it is with pardonable pride that we refer to his 
magnificent success in this field. 

In the discovery of the Anti-Abortion Treatment, Dr. David Roberts has ren- 
dered a service of the highest importance in the cattle industry of the world. It is 
a matter of great notice to owners and breeders of live stock that this Treatment, 
along with numerous other scientific prescriptions that he has employed with such 
remarkable success in his extensive practice, have been placed on the market in 
such form as to be readily available. 

The Doctor has built up the largest cattle practice in the country, and is pre- 
pared to visit any part of the United States on important cases, details of such trips 
to be arranged with him by correspondence. 



DEPARTMENT OF FREE ADVICE. 

We have a thoroughly equipped organization, all under the direct supervision of 
Dr. David Roberts, and with the systematic arrangement of our work we can handle an 
unlimited amount of correspondence. We invite Farmers, Dairymen, Poultrymen, Stock 
and Cattle Owners and Veterinarians to write Dr. David Roberts on any subject what- 
soever pertaining to live stock, and you will receive a prompt, courteous and satisfactory 
reply by return mail, which may save you many dollars and be of great benefit to you. 
You may say that this is a rather philanthropic proposition, which it certainly is, but 
we feel that the cost and labor of such correspondence and free advice is fully offset by 
the value of the introduction to you and the fact that we will become better acquainted 
and lasting friends. We know that with our book in your hands you will find occasion 
at different times to refer to it, and the result of such reference may prove to our 
mutual benefit. We know that there are many little things that you would like to know 
from time to time about your stock. The only trouble is, you don't know to whom to 
apply. Now, write us all about the difficulties you are experiencing with the different 
live stock you own, and your letter will be treated confidentially and have the prompt 
attention of Dr. David Roberts. And remember this is absolutely free of charge. 
From the Doctor's vast experience, he can surely suggest a solution to your problems, 
and we know the reply will be satisfactory and profitable to you. 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO., 
500 Grand Avenue, Waukesha, Wis. 
Dr. David Roberts, President. 



TO THE VETERINARY PROFESSION. 



The value of an Anti-Abortion Treatment in preventing, treating and overcoming 
Infectious Abortion in cows is now established beyond a doubt, and the few 
veterinarians who do not recognize this as a fact form a very small and constantly 
decreasing minority of the veterinarians. 

For this reason there is a constant large demand for this reliable product. 

To meet this demand the Anti-Abortion Treatment is offered, and the universal 
satisfaction it has given verifies its high standard of quality. 

As yet I confine the output of this treatment to Infectious Abortion in cattle 
only, and do not advise its use on other stock until proved beyond all doubt that 
it is absolutely reliable in their cases as it is in cattle. 

I have endeavored to present the facts in such a light that every veterinarian 
who reads this may get a comprehensive idea of what is meant by the treatment of 
Infectious Abortion in cattle. 

I have purposely avoided technicalities as much as possible, choosing rather to 
present scientific facts in a clear and intelligible manner. 

I believe that when veterinarians familiarize themselves with the treatment, and 
the results which they can obtain by the use of the same, that they will in time 
become constant users of this, the most scientific and professional manner in which 
to handle this dreaded disease, Infectious Abortion in cows, which is costing your 
clients many hundreds of dollars yearly. 

I know that the use of Anti-Abortion treatment in preventing and over- 
coming infectious diseases in stock is the correct method. In view of this, I shall 
exert strenuous efforts to remain in the front rank of scientific and practicable 
development in this work. 

That infectious diseases are caused by germs is admitted by nearly all persons 
who are at all conversant with what has been done in the world of veterinary science 
during the last few years. 

Infectious Abortion, Calf Cholera, Tuberculosis and several other diseases of 
infectious forms are known to be caused by the presence of germs, which differ 
in form, size, mode of growth and microscopic appearance. 

By means of these germs we can transmit these diseases from one animal to 
another, and by taking a small quantity of liquid from a cow afflicted with Infectious 
Abortion, and injecting it under the skin of a pregnant guinea pig, it will cause her 
to abort, and if other pregnant guinea pigs be in the same pen they will also abort. 

I merely mention this experiment to show the infectious nature of germs of 
abortion, which produce this disease in cattle. 

In the light of .such proof, and in accordance with the acknowledgment of the 
scientific world, the only proper way to control and combat germ diseases is by the 
proper administration of the Ami Abortion Treatment, especially prepared for the 
purpose of destroying the germs which produce the disease. 



13 

In thii particular else, we have to contend with ge*ms which produce abortion 
in cowa; it is for this reason that I have prepared a Treatment, part of which if 
injected underneath the skin, will come in actual contact with and overpower the 
germs of abortion. Its wonderful effects can best be seen in injecting it under the 
skin of a cow which is showing every sign of an approaching abortion (such as 
sweeling of the udder and vulva, then watch these symptoms disappear .and the 
cow carry her calf full time. You will then become an eye witness of what power 
of control the Treatment has over the germs that produce the symptoms, and if they 
were not disturbed, they would produce abortion, in such a case. 

The newest and most improved methods are used in its production. Before 
being shipped, it is carefully examined, in order to establish its correctness in every 
particular. 

Yours very truly, 



] £lajz 




HOW TO EXAMINE A SICK ANIMAL. 

First take the temperature of the animal, by placing a self-registering Veterinary 
Fever Thermometer into the rectum, allowing it to remain there from three to five 
minutes. The normal temperature of a cow is 101 degrees (Fahrenheit) and the 
normal temperature of a horse is 100 degrees (Fahrenheit) ; hog, 100 degrees; sheep, 
101 degrees. 

Second, take the pulse of the animal, which can be found at the angle of the 
lower jaw bone, where it can be felt by pressing the artery against the bone. The 
normal beat of a cow's pulse is from 40 to 50 per minute, and that of a horse from 
33 to 40 per minute. 

Third, count the respirations of the animal, or number of times it breathes, by 
watching the sides or flanks or by pressing the ear to the sides. The normal respira- 
tion of a cow is from 15 to 20 per minute, and that of a horse is from 12 to 15 per 
minute, while resting. 

If the temperature, pulse or respiration are found to be higher or faster than the 
above described you will know that the animal is ailing. 



THE CARE AND TREATMENT OF A SICK ANIMAL. 
IMPORTANT. 

Place the sick animal in a well disinfected, ventilated and dry box stall with 
plenty of bedding and sunlight. (Avoid draughts.) In cold weather put a blanket 
on, feed sparingly of digestible food, such as bran mashes made with linseed tea. Keep 
manger sweet and clean. Water should be pure and clean, and warmed when nec- 
essary. (Always necessary for new milch cows.) 

An injection of warm water per rectum should be given to all sick animals, 
excepting those afflicted with looseness of the bowels. 



NEVER DRENCH CATTLE. 
REASONS WHY. 

Perhaps the best way of demonstrating the danger of drenching cattle is to advise 
the reader to throw back his head as far as possible and attempt to swallow. This 
you will find to be a difficult task and you will find it much more difficult and almost 
impossible to swallow with mouth open. It is for this reason that drenching cattle is 
a dangerous practice. However, if a cow's head be raised as high as possible and her 
mouth kept open, by the drenching bottle or horn, a portion of the liquid is very apt to 
pass down the wind-pipe into the lungs, sometimes causing instant death by smother- 
ing. At other times causing death to follow in a few days from congestion or inflam- 
mation of the lungs. 




How to Give a Cow Medicine. 



HOW TO GIVE A COW MEDICINE. 

Give all cattle their medicine hypodermically or in feed; if they refuse feed give 
it dry on the tongue. 

The proper method of giving a cow medicine is to stand on the right hand side 
of the cow, placing the left arm around the nose, or placing hand under the jaw, at 
the same time opening her mouth, and with a spoon in the right hand place the medi- 
cine, which should be in a paste or powdered form, back on the tongue; she can then 
swallow with safety. 

TABLE OF GESTATION. 



Animal. 


Average Period. 


Early Period to Live. 


Late Period to Live. 


Cows 


280 days 
330 days 
150 days 
115 days 
30 days 
730 days 


210 days 
287 days 
140 days 
105 days 


336 days 
409 days 
160 days 
125 days 


Mares 


Sheep and Goats. 
Sows 


Rabbits 


Elephant 










Pauline Wayne Third. 

This cow presented by Senator Isaac Stephenson, of 
Wisconsin, to President Taft. 



CATTLE 

History and Statistics of the Cattle Industry. 



A Study of Breeds. 



Care and Management of Cattle 
on the Farm. 



Diseases of Cattle — How to Know Them — 
Method of Treatment. 



Miscellaneous Information. 



(See Complete Alphabetical Index, Pages 5 to 12.) 



HISTORY AND STATISTICS. 

The history of the various breeds of cattle with which we are familiar at the 
present time has been traced back many centuries. 

It is reasonably certain that horned cattle first existed in a wild state, long before 
the dawn of recorded history, and in the Scriptures we find mention of the fact that 
Jubal, the son of Lemach, living in the time of Adam, is spoken of as "the father of 
such as own cattle." 

It is a fact worthy of note that as man advanced beyond his primitive state, he 
found it necessary to domesticate certain wild animals for beasts of burden. 

It is evident that the subjugation of wild cattle, not only for beasts of burden, but 
as means of bodily sustenance, first engaged the attention of primitive man as he 
struggled upward toward a higher plane of living. 

We find that several wild varieties of the bovine tribe were originally widely dis- 
seminated in Asia and Europe. 

From ancient writings and pictures we learn that these wild cattle were frequently 
the objects of chase by primitive hunters. 

It is natural to infer that the animals in their adult state were slain for food, 
while the young were reduced to domesticity, and by confinement and care lost their 
wild instincts. 

Ultimately these captive animals became fully domesticated, and as the herds 
increased, and were driven from place to place in search of fresh fields and new 
pastures, the people who made them captive became nomadic in character — their flocks 
and herds furnishing them an abundance of food, and the hides affording not only 
clothing, but shelter for the roving tribes. 

The student of racial characteristics and of humanity's upward progress from 
savagery to civilization finds abundant evidence of the fact that domestic animals 
were a most important factor in that advancement. 

In primitive America we find surprising confirmation of this fact. 

In America, where no cattle existed prior to its discovery by the Europeans, 
and where there were no animals which were easily domesticable as beasts of burden, 
the Indians, though able folk, remained savages. 

It is a fact worthy of note that the first shepherd and the first farmer were con- 
temporaneous. Likewise, the keeping of live stock and grain growing have gone 
hand in hand down through the centuries. 

Every Celtic nation from the earliest period has raised cattle and they have been 
regarded by all barbarians and pagan people as the greatest of the divine gifts to man. 

With the progress of civilization, the least desirable breeds were exterminated, 
while the fittest survived in a state of domestication. Descendants of one of these 
ancient herds are still to be found in the Chillingham cattle of England. They are 
wild only because all possible means are used to keep them so. The wildest and less 
frequented tracts of two extensive parks are set apart for their use. These are supposed 
to be descendants of the best of the ancient cattle of Great Britain. 

Cattle were first brought to America by the Spaniards soon after its discovery by 
Columbus. As these bred and increased, the vast plains of Spanish America were cov- 
ered with innumerable cattle. As these herds increased many of the cattle escaped 
and got away from civilization, living in a wild state and roaming over vast tracts 



24 



HISTORY AND STATISTICS. 



of territory. As civilization has extended into new territory, these wild herds have 
gradually been brought under the hand of man or have been destroyed, and domestic 
cattle have taken their place, until at present there are practically no wild cattle in 
any section of the world. 

The cattle which were originally to be found on the western plains and sections of 
the United States came from the cattle brought to America by the Spaniards. These 
cattle were first almost in a wild state, and were only rounded up once or twice a year 
when the young were branded and the grown animals taken out for shipment. 

There are still in the west many large herds of cattle which are kept out on the 
ranges and only brought up for the branding of the calves and the shipment of the 
matured stock. But as these western sections of the country are more thickly settled up, 
these herds are gradually becoming smaller and the ranges are being fenced in so 
that the cattle are receiving more attention and are gradually being brought up to a 
higher grade. 

These Spanish cattle and their de- 
scendants are usually large in size, long 
legged, various in color, and their dis- 
tinguishing characteristic is their long 
and widely extended horns. 

The English settlers early introduced 
cattle in the colonies, bringing them from 
Great Britain. 

In an early day the cattle in the 
United States were a mixture of various 
breeds imported by the early settlers, who, 
for want of good barns, and from habits 
established in a milder climate, allowed 
their cattle to suffer severely. Many per- 
ished and the survivors degenerated in 
size and quality. As agriculture advanced 
and the people became more prosperous the cattle were improved by better care 
and feeding. 

As the English breeds gained celebrity, they attracted the attention of enterpris- 
ing breeders in this country, who began importing the different breeds, and by strict 
attention and experience in care and breeding, have continued to improve the grade 
of cattle in the country, so that at the present time all progressive stock owners are 
introducing pure bred strains in their herds. 

It would be interesting to trace the history of cattle, step by step, in their im- 
provement from the earliest time, but from the facts which history gives it would be 
a hard matter to get any satisfactory information. The first systematic breeder of 
whom we have any record was Jacob. It is reasonably certain that he understood 
something of the principles of mating cattle, but did not use his understanding so 
much in the matter of improving the breed, or to the good qualities for milking or 
beef, as he did in producing cattle of different colors. 

This was with a view to securing a mingling of these colors in the offspring. 

There have been many distinctive breeds of cattle known from the beginning of 
the historical era. Still, it is only within the last two centuries that any careful, 
systematic breeding has been attempted, and only within the last seventy-five years 
have greater results been accomplished and the greatest progress toward perfection 
beep made. 




Type of Original Spanish Cattle 



STATISTICS OF THE CATTLE INDUSTRY. 

The cattle industry of the United States is one of the greatest industries of the 
country. Statistics show that for a period extending over fifty years from 1850 to 1900 
the number of cattle consumed by the American people has fallen from twenty-five to 
twenty for every one hundred of the population, the number consumed in 1850 being 
twenty-five for each one hundred, and in 1900 the number consumed was twenty for 
each one hundred. 

During this time the number of cattle has increased largely, showing a loss during 
but one decade, which extended over the period from 1860 to 1870, covering the time 
of the Civil War in the United States. 

In 1850 the cattle in this country numbered 18,000,000. 

Tn 1860 the cattle in this country numbered 26,000,000. 

In 1870 the cattle in this country numbered 24,000,000. 

In 1880 the cattle in this country numbered 33,000,000. 

In 1890 the cattle in this country numbered 42,000,000. 

In 1900 the cattle in this country numbered 51,000,000. 

In 1910 the cattle in this country numbered 75,000,000. 

The last three decades from 1880 to 1910, inclusive, show a regular increase of 
nine million each ten years. 

During the period from 1890 to 1900 the milk production of this country shows 
an increase of almost 40 per cent, in the total production. In 1890 the average amount 
of milk consumed each day by a family of five persons amounted to but little over 
one pint a day, while in 1900 the average consumption by a family of five persons 
amounted to one quart a day. This shows the per capita consumption doubled during 
a period of ten years. During this same year not only the quantity of milk is in- 
creased, but also the quality has been steadily improving, so that today one quart of 
milk contains much more nutriment than it did ten years ago. This increased produc- 
tion and improved quality is due not only to the increase in the number of cows in 
the country, but also to the improved methods of care and feeding. 

The dairy productions of this country show a very marked increase from 1860 
up to 1900. In 1860 they were valued at $240,000,000, increasing from that amount 
to $605,000,000 in 1900, being an increase of over two and one-half times in forty 
years. 

In 1850 the amount of cheese produced annually in the United States amounted 
to but little over one hundred million pounds, which was four and one-half pounds 
per capita. Today the annual production is nearly three hundred million pounds, 
which is a little less than four pounds per capita. This shows an increase of nearly 
three times in total production, but a decrease of one-half pound per capita. 

The statistics as to the production of butter are just the reverse of this, as the 
production of butter has risen from thirteen and one-half pounds to nineteen and 
one-half pounds per capita during this time. 

These statistics only go to show the immensity of the cattle industry of this 
country, and the increase which has been made during the time which these statistics 
cover. That the cattle industry has increased to a marvelous extent is known to all s 
and it is a foregone conclusion that this increase must continue, as the demands for 
milk and its products, as well as beef, must increase largely with the better methods 



26 



A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 



of living and the increase of the population. The increase must be not only in quality, but there must 
also be an improvement in quality. The demand of the present (lay is for an improvement in everything, 
and the beef and dairy products cannot be behind the demands of the country. To meet these demands 
the stock raiser must bend his energies to improve his stock in every way, keeping them in a strong, healthy 
condition, caring for them in a proper manner, and endeavoring at all times to produce the best quality 
possible. At the present time there are 7<;,ooo,ooo head of cattle in this country, consisting largely of 
the following breeds: 

A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 



AYRSHIRE CATTLE. 
This breed of Scotch dairy 
cattle originated under the rugged 
conditions of Ayrshire, and in their 
type and general characteristics 
they exemplify the form and quality 
animal required to make the most 
economical use of their food, and do 
the best under conditions too severe 
for finer and more delicate cattle. 
The fine cut features of the face, 
brightness of eye, upturned horn, 
thin neck, fine shoulders, good 
heart and lung capacity, straight 
back, strong loin, large abdomen 
(showing food capacity) long, broad 
hips, large evenly balanced udder, 
large well placed teats and well- 
developed mammary glands, a soft, loose skin of medium thickness covered with a thick coating of fine hair, 
equal red and white or brown and white or verging to nearly all white, are the chief characteristics of the 
breed in appearance. In temperament they are docile, yet in their whole bearing there is noticeable an 
alertness peculiar to no other breed. 




Ayrshire. 



ANGUS CATTLE. 

The Angus, a beef breed, are 
natives of Scotland. They have no 
horns and are black in color, having 
a thick, short, but sleek coating of 
hair. They are handsome cattle 
and of splendid conformation. 

They are not as large as some 
of the other beef breeds, but are 
profitable cattle to keep. While 
they are thrifty, they are not as 
hardy as the Galloway. 




Angus. 



A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 



27 



BROWN SWISS CATTLE. 
The Brown Swiss, as their 
name indicates, come from Switzer- 
land, and coming from such a 
mountainous country, are well 
adapted to grazing over rough and 
unbroken pastures. They are 
hardy and good size, and of a 
coarser build than other breeds. 
They give a good flow of milk of a 
fair percentage of butter fat. 

DEVON CATTLE. 

Of all the breeds of cattle found 
in Great Britain, the Devons, which 





Brown Swiss. 

are a dark red in color, are among 
the purest and most ancient, and 
they are descendants of the same 
breeds as the Herefords and Sussex. 
They are called Devons for the 
reason that they originated in Dev- 
onshire. 

They are smaller in size than 
the Herefords, Shorthorns, Gallo- 
ways and the Sussex. They are 
noted for the quality rather than 
the quantity of their milk. They 
are symmetrical in form and very 
docile in disposition, and mature 



Devon. 



quickly. They produce an excep* 
tionally fine quality of meat, as well 
as milk. 

DUTCH BELTED CATTLE 

Dutch Belted Cattle are a Hol- 
land dairy breed, and are so named 
from the white belt or band which 
encircles their body. They are now 
bred to a limited extent in this 
country, being kept in about twenty- 
five states in the Union. They are 
of medium size, black in color, with 
exception of white band or belt. 




Dutch Belted. 



28 



A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 




Galloway. 



GALLOWAY CATTLE. 

The Galloways, a heef cattle, 
natives of Scotland, are not as large 
in confirmation as some of the other 
heef breeds and do not mature at 
such an early age. They have no 
horns and are black in color, having 
a very long, coarse coat of curly 
hair, and are best adapted for rough 
and unbroken country and our 
colder climates. 

This breed is being rapidly 
improved upon and are not only 
valuable as beef cattle but are ex- 
ceedingly valuable for their hides, 
same being used for coats and robes. 

GUERNSEY CATTLE. 

The Guernsey cow originated 
on the Guernsey Islands and is to- 



day a very popular breed among tne 
dairy breed. 

This breed is quite distinguish- 
ed, owing to its richness in color 
of hide. The milk and butter pro- 
duct is also of a natural, rich yellow 
color, which makes the Guernsey a 
very desirable breed in vicinities 
where there is a demand for such 
products. 

The prevailing color of the 
Guernsey is white and bright red, 
shading into fawn. 

HEREFORD CATTLE. 

The Herefords are natives of 
the shire of Hereford, in England. 
In color they are red, with white 
faces and breast, a white stripe 




Guernsey. 




Hereford. 



along the back, and white legs and 
bellv. They possess the same beef 
qualities as the Shorthorns, but are 
better grass cattle. 

The Aberdeen-Angus and the 
Galloways are natives of Scotland. 
In color they are black, and have no 
horns. 

HOLSTEIN CATTLE. 

The Holstcin, the largest of our 
dairy breeds, came from Holland. 
They are black and white in color. 
Tiny consume a large amount of 
roughage and coarse fodder. They 
give a large flow of milk, but the 
percentage of butter fat is not as 
high as in some of the other breeds. 
Their milk is especially adapted to 
cheese-making. 



A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 



29 



Owing to the large amount of 
milk they give, the Holstein will 
make as much butter as some of the 
other breeds. 

JERSEY CATTLE. 

Jersey cattle come from the 
Jersey Islands, off the coast of 
France. In color they are of differ- 
ent shades of fawn, and fawn and 
white. They give very rich milk, 
which is especially adapted for but- 
ter-making. They cross well with 
other breeds of cattle for dairy pur- 
poses. 




Holstein. 




POLLED DURHAM CATTLE. 

The Polled Durham descended 
from both the Scotch and English 
Shorthorns. 

Polled Durham are good beef 
animals, but the development has 
been largely in the direction of super- 
or milking qualities. They are 
raised quite extensively in the mid- 
dle states. 

RED POLLED CATTLE. 

This breed of cattle is the re- 
sult of a mixture of two types, 
which are known as Norfolk and 
Suffolk cattle. The Norfolk type 
was characterized by a blood red- 
colored body and mottled head, 



Jersey. 



while the Suffolk type was originally 
a sort of mouse color. For over a 
century both have been freely in- 
tercrossed and have been recog- 
nized as one breed since 1846. 

LHORTHORN CATTLE. 

The Shorthorns are natives of 
England and Scotland, where they 
are ^ r ill raised in large numbers. 
1 hey are red, white or roan in color, 
i-r may be spotted red and white. 
They are low down and hlocky, with 
a good coating of flesh of good 
quality. 




Polled Durham.] 



3° 



A STUDY OF BREEDS OF CATTLE. 




KERRY CATTLE. 

This is a pure breed, native to 
Ireland, and derived their name 
from the county of Kerry. They 
are very popular in some parts of 
England, but as yet have not been 
extensively introduced into the 
United States. The quality of their 
milk is rich, almost equal to that of 
Guernsey and Jersey in butter fat, 
and they give a large quantity of 
milk for their size. 



Red Polled. 



iwti/ 








|^i 


—~- " wangle" ***■■— y** 








™nS^ 








'V v : ' 




; Wi 


2j . ;> : ' ' 


W*^^T 




■ ■ .-. 




P' 


f. .■ ■ 

&..;.■■ .- 



CARE AND MANAGEMENT 
OF CATTLE ON THE FARM. 

The cattle barns on the modern 
farm should be located on a well 
drained spot. There should be 
enough windows to allow an abun- 
dance of air and sunlight, for these 
are necessary to keep the animal in 
the best health. 

Then, too, the stable must be 
properly ventilated so as to remove 
foul air and supply fresh, pure air 
for the animals to breathe. 

The temperature of the stables, 
in winter, should be about 55 de- 
grees (Fahrenheit), and in summer 

as cool as possible. Provide screens Shorthorn 

for the windows so they may be left . 
open, and spray daily with some reliable fly oil, and you will not be troubled with flies. 

Use a good disinfectant, keep the stables clean, and in this way keep your cattle in a healthy 
condition. 

Now you have your stables in order and will want to build up a good herd of cattle. 

Before deciding on any breed you must take into consideration your location, markets and way 
in which you wish to dispose of your products. 

If you wish beef, select one of the beef breeds, such as the Shorthorn, Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus 
or Galloway. 



CARE AND .MANAGEMENT OF CATTLE. 31 



SELECTING A BEEF HERD. 

In building up a herd for beef production, select cows with a broad, deep and 
square body, cows with a good coating of flesh, for these, if bred to the right kind 
of bull, will produce a calf that will prove a profitable feeder. Now for the bull. 
The bull is half the herd. He stamps his qualities on all the calves — not simply 
on one calf a year, as with the cow. 

Get a registered bull of the breed you want, even if you have only grade cows, 
as then you are sure you are getting a beef breed from beef ancestors. Select a bull 
that is of good size, with a proud masculine bearing, a good intelligent head, broad 
and full between the eyes, a short face, and strong, clear eyes, yet with a quiet 
expression, as a nervous, excitable animal will never fatten to good advantage. 

He should be broad and straight across the back, with smooth, even hips. He 
should have well sprung ribs, heavily covered with flesh. 

Cows should be bred so as to drop their calves in the early spring, and then 
when the cows are turned to pasture the calves are old enough to go with them 
and thus have advantage for making a rapid growth and require very little atten- 
tion during the busy summer months. 

When the calves are a few weeks old, those not intended for breeding purposes, 
should be castrated and the wound washed with germ killer to prevent infections. 

In the fall the calves should be weaned and fed on rood, nutritious food. 

This should consist of silage and roots, clover or alfalfa hay, oats and bran — 
with daily allowance of some reliable Tonic to aid digestion and promote a quick- 
growth. 

The age at which steers should be marketed depends largely on the market 
prices, but as a rule well fed steers sell best at 14 to 16 months old. But if you 
do not wish to dispose of your product as beef, then you should choose one of the 
dairy instead of beef breeds of cattle. 

THE DAIRY HERD. 

The principal dairy breeds are Holstein, Guernsey, Ayrshire, Jersey, Brown 
Swiss, Dutch Belted, Devon, Polled Durham, Red Polled, etc. 

There are several other dairy breeds, such as the French Canadian, Kerry and 
Sussex, etc., but these are rather scarce at present. 

In buying dairy cows we have a different standard to go by than in selecting 
a beef animal. 

A dairy cow is a machine that turns feed into milk and cream. So we must 
look for one that will convert the greatest quantity of feed into the most milk and 
cream. The type of dairy cow we want is a cow weighing about 1,000 pounds. She 
must have a lean head and neck. Her eyes should be clear and large, indicating 
health and temperament. Her body should be narrow over the shoulders, and broad 
at the hip and rump. She should have a large chest, indicating vitality. Her pouch 
or belly should be large, showing that she is able to consume a large amount of 
rough feed. 



32 FEEDING DATRY COWS. 

She should have a set of large, branching milk veins leading to a well developed 
udder on which are placed four good sized teats. 

She should carry very little flesh. 

Before introducing any new cows into the stable have them tuberculin tested to 
avoid bringing any cows affected with the germ disease among your healthy herd. 

Watch for any discharge which might be due to abortion, as this is another 
disease you must watch. 

If you notice any discharge of this nature, wash out the vagina with a good 
antiseptic solution and keep cow alone until discharge ceases. 



FEEDING DAIRY COWS. 

Dairy cows require different feed than beef cattle. 

We should not feed much fat-forming foods, as our cows would lay on fat 
instead of producing milk. Feed more silage or roots in the winter season. 

Daily feed for a 1,000 pound cow, give forty pounds of silage, seven pounds 
clover hay, eight pounds of grain. 

The cows that are soon to calve should be fed on succulent feed, such as silage 
or roots, bran and linseed meal, with a little oats. Keep the bowels open and do 
not feed very heavy on grains just before or after calving. After calving give a 
bran mash and warm the drinking water for a few days. Allow the calf to suck 
for about two days and then feed his mother's milk from a pail for two weeks, about 
three quarts twice a day ; after that reduce it with skim milk or warm water, so 
that at the end of the fourth week the calf will be getting all skim milk or half 
whole milk and half warm water, with calf meal to aid digestion. Keep a supply 
of good clover or alfalfa hay within reach, and also some ground oats with a 
little calf meal mixed with it. After the calf eats the ground feed, gradually get 
him used to eating whole corn and oats, as this is the best feed for it up to six 
months old. The heifers should not be bred until about 15 to 18 months old. 

A good time to do your dehorning is to dehorn the calves with Horn Killer 
(see page 100), when they are a few days old. Mark them with a number tag so 
you can keep a record of them. 

Keep a record of the breeding of each cow, so you will know when she is due 
to calve, and then allow her to go dry for six weeks before calving. 

The dairy bull should be fed like a working horse and should receive plenty of 
exercise. Work him in a tread power. 

The milking is one of the most important parts of the dairy business. The cows 
should be milked quickly, cleanly and quietly. Do not excite your cows, or they 
will not let their milk down. Don't lick a cow because she kicks. If she kicks, 
there is some cause for it. Look for the cause and remedy it. It may be a sore 
teat ; it may be an inflamed udder, or it may be that she has been misused and re- 
gards her milker as an enemy that she must fight. If such is the case, treat her 
kindly and she will soon learn that you are not going to harm her. 

Clip the long hair off the udder flanks and tail, and wipe off the udder with a 
damp cloth before milking, and you will be surprised to see how much cleaner 
the milk will be. 

Weigh each cow's milk with an accurate scale and test the milk with the Bab- 
cock test, and you will be able to see how many of your cows are payinj for 
themselves. 






TESTING FUR BUTTER FAT. 



To test milk for butter fat you must have a Babcock Tester and bottles. Yn 
ure the milk with a pipette. Measure 17.6 c. c. (cubic centimeters) of milk wi 
,»H>ette and put in the test bottle. To this add 17.5 c. c. of sulphuric acid and mi : 
taking. 

Then put it in the tester and run the tester for five minutes and then add enough 
arm water to bring the butter fat up into the graduated neck of the bottle where it 
in be read. Run the tester one minute more and your test is ready to read. 

You know how many pounds of milk your cow gives and how much it tests. 

vow, to find how much butter she is producing: Multiply the pounds of milk by the 

I er cent, of butter fat, and then multiply by one and one-sixth and this will give you 

the amount. For example, your cow gives in one day 38 pounds of milk testing 4.2 per 

cent. You multiply 38 pounds of milk by 

.042 butter fat. 



76 
152 



1.596 pounds butter fat. 
One pound of butter fat will make 1% pounds of butter, so you multiply 1.596 
xlVe — 1.862 pounds butter. 

This shows just how much butter your cow is producing a day. 
If you sell your butter at'25c your cow is earning 46 x / 2 c a day. 
1.862 pounds butter. 
$ .25 



9310 
3724 



$.46550 
From this subtract the cost of feed and you will have the net earnings, of your cov 




READ WHAT 

THE OWNER 

SAYS 

Waterloo, Iowa, 12-12-'10 
Dr. David Roberts, 

Waukesha, Wis. 
Dear Doctor: 

I am sending you a photo" 
graph of the Grand Champion 
Guernsey cow, Bo-Peep, which I 
called you to Chicago to treat. 

She arrived home from the Na- 
tional Dairy Show in excellent con- 
dition and I very much appreciate 
the professional attention that you gave her while there. 

Yours very truly, 

\Y. W. Marsh. 



34 



HOW TO TELL AGE OF CATTLE. 




10 



If 



12 




Figure 1. — Teeth of calf at 
birth, showing the first two 
Incisors, milk teeth. 

Firgue 2. — Teeth at two 
weeks old, showing four tem- 
porary incisors. 

Figure 3. — Teeth at three 
weeks old, showing six In- 
cisors. 

Figure 4. — Teeth at one 
month old, showing eight in- 
cisors, or full set. 

Figure 5. — Teeth at six or 
eight months old, showing wear 
on first two, or central teeth. 

Figure 6. — Teeth at ten 
months old, showing absorption in first two pair of teeth, and wear of two outside pairs. 

Figure 7. — Teeth at twelve months old, showing absorption in all the nippers, except out- 
side pair, and wear in these. 

Fiirnrp 8. — Teeth at fifteen months old, showing absorption and wear in all the tem- 
porary nippers. 

Fijrurp 0. — Teeth at eighteen months old, showing two first permanent incisors (1-1) and 
next two pairs (2-2) and (3-3), growing and pushing upwards toward the surface; also (4-4, 
"5-5 and 6-6) showing absorption. At. (8-8) is shown the alveali, or cells for the teeth. 

Figure 10. — Teeth at two years old past, showing four permanent incisors, and four 
temporary ones, absorption nearly complete ; also marks of wear on two first pairs. 

Figure 11. — Teeth at three years past, showing six permanent nippers, and two outside 
temporary ones nearly gone ; also wear on two central pairs. 

Figure 12. — Teeth at four years past, showing eight permanent incisors — the full mouth 
— and complete complement ; also wear on all but outside teeth. 

Figure 13. — Teeth at five years past, showing wear and dark marks. 

Figure 14. — Teeth at ten years old, showing permanent spaces between them ; also shape 
from natural wear by use. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT 
OF CATTLE DISEASES 

ABORTION 

OR 
SLINKING OF CALF 

THE NATURE OF THE DISEASE OF ABORTION. 

Abortion has two distinct though related meanings. The word is used .to designate 
the act of prematurely expelling the foetus or, in common cow parlance, "slinking the 
calf." While this is the first and most common application of the term, the second, 
and by far the most important designation, is that of the disease which is the cause 
of perhaps ninety per cent of "calf slinking." 

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION. 

Before it was understood or accepted that abortion is a disease, the act of abortion 
or prematurely expelling the foetus, was attributed to numberless causes and conditions. 

Some laid the trouble to loosening feeds, such as flax seed meal and millet hay 
that was over-ripe when cut. Others were sure that the smell of fresh blood at butcher- 
ing time would cause a cow to lose her calf. 

But the most common theory, and one still widely accepted even by those who 
recognize abortion as a disease, is that the malady is caused by ergot or smut on grasses, 
corn and other grains. A little farther on I will take up this last theory. 

I shall not deny that abortion may be hastened by the use of certain feeds which 
act upon the bowels in such a way as to cause undue straining by the cow, and it is 
quite possible that the smelling of fresh blood may be the immediate cause of the act; 
for nothing will cause more excitement among cows than the smell of the blood of 
their kind. 

But I am convinced that if every one of these cases of abortion, apparently causea 
by certain feeds or periods of excitement, could be investigated, it would be found that 
nearly all, if not all of them, were really caused by the disease of Contagious Abortion, 
the germs of which were in the system of the animal, working upon and weakening 
the genital organs and interfering with the functions of reproduction and gestation; 
and that the feed or excitement only hastened the inevitable. 

It is quite possible that, aside from these circumstances of internal or nervous 
excitement, many such cows would have carried the calves long enough to give them 
live birth, but in most cases the calves would have come prematurely. Such are termed 
"living abortions." Some would even carry the calf full time, but the germs of the 
disease would remain in the system of both the cow and the calf, causing trouble later 
for both. 

In my veterinary practice of twenty years, which has been devoted in large part 
to cattle, with special reference to the disease of abortion, I have found that in nearly 
every case of abortion, except such as were caused by a fall, a kick or other absolute 
violence, the germs of the disease were in both the cow and the foetus. 

ACCIDENTAL ABORTION. 

As I have intimated, the act of abortion may be caused by accident to the cow. A 
fall, a kick by an animal or a brutal attendant, being hooked or otherwise injured, may 



36 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

cause the act of abortion, but, unless the cow is predisposed to the act of abortion by 
the presence of the germs in the system, the violence must be very severe to cause the 
expulsion of the foetus. 

It is, of course, natural for a cow to carry the calf full time, and nature persists 
in her course against ordinary interference. So when a cow aborts it is indisputable 
evidence that she has suffered great violence from disease or accident or both. 

The purely accidental acts of abortion coming under my care and investigation 
have been few, and I have used them to establish beyond doubt the contagious or in- 
fectious nature of the disease of abortion. 

A TEST. 

One of my experiments was selecting a herd of twenty-one cows, seven of which 
had aborted between the fourth and seventh month of pregnancy. Wads of cotton 
were soaked in the fluid accompanying the expelled foetus of one, and placed in the 
vagina of three healthy pregnant cows in another herd at a distance, the cotton being 
allowed to remain an hour. One of the cows aborted in twenty-three days, the other 
in twenty-eight days — the first being in the fourth and the second in the fifth month 
of pregnancy; and the third cow, being in the seventh month of pregnancy, aborted 
on the fortieth day following the experiment, the calf dying three days later of scours. 
This last case was a "living abortion," the scours being the result of the germs of 
abortion in the calf. 

To confirm the positive evidence of this experiment, a negative experiment was 
later carried out. A perfectly healthy cow aborted from an injury caused by falling 
into an old well. Wads of cotton were soaked in the fluid of this cow and placed in 
the vagina of healthy pregnant cows, as in the former experiment, and no injurious 
effects resulted. The cows all carried calves full time, and no germs of abortion were 
found in the genital organs or afterbirth. 

EFFECTS OF ABORTION ON PROFITS. 

Before taking up the relation of contagious abortion to other diseases of cattle, I 
want to present the practical side of the subject. The interest of dairymen and breeders 
of cattle in any disease is purely a financial one. If we were not seeking for profits 
in the business there would be no cattle industry — no cattle. If we were not battling 
to maintain or increase profits, we should devote little time or effort to eradicating 
disease. 

But since our profits depend absolutely on the healthy condition of the herds — 
their freedom from disease — the battle against disease is waged continuously. It is a 
life sad death struggle between the herds and disease, with the chances in favor of the 
latter but for the intelligent aid of the breeder. 

In this fight against disease, it is but logical to assume that the cattle raiser should 
give most attention to the malady that is most destructive of his profits, when he is 
assured what that disease is. 

My experience and investigation impel me to declare specifically that Contagious 
Abortion is the most destructive of all cattle diseases of Hie profits of the cattle raiser 
and dairyman of the United States, not even excepting the dreaded and dreadful 
tuberculosis. 

FOUR POINTS OF LOSS. 

1. THE CALF. 
Abortion prevents the natural increase in the herd by loss of calves. Even when 
calves from an infected cow are dropped alive, they are weak and diseased, are an 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 37 

expense and a source of worry, and very often die in the course of a few days or 
weeks, of scours, which is the direct result of the abortion germs in their systems. A 
calf thus borr is a multiplied source of loss ; it causes the loss of milk and feed con- 
sumed while it exists, a loss of time to the owner, and is a loss itself in the end. 

2. THE MILK. 

A falling off or total cessation of the flow of milk invariably follows abortion. It 
requires no argument to show the dairyman that this is a direct cut into his profits, in 
fact, a vital thrust at his only source of income as a keeper of cows. 

The loss to beef breeders, though less direct, is just as great proportionately; for 
besides losing her own calf, the beef cow is unfitted, to the extent of her falling off in 
milk, for suckling other calves of the herd. 

The amount of this loss to the whole cattle industry, in the aggregate throughout 
the country, is appalling when we come to consider it. From the bases for estimate 
that' I have been able to reach, I figure that the loss is from $12 to $25 per cow 
affected, or an average of $18 per head per year. 

There are in America over 20,000,000 dairy cows, and not less than 10,000,000 
beef cows: a total of at least 30,000,000 cows. It is a low estimate to say twenty-five 
per cent, of these are suffering more or less from Contagious Abortion. Thus at least 
7,500,000 cows are losing $135,000,000 annually, or are failing by that amount to pro- 
duce what they should produce in healthy condition. 

The reader may, at the first flash of such enormous figures, consider them over- 
drawn, but I am inclined to consider the estimate extremely conservative. There are 
individual cows in the country which bring in $250 to $300 gross annually. There are 
entire herds averaging $150 and $200. I do not believe a careful dairyman would 
keep a cow that returned less than $100 gross per year. A "cow producing less than 
that amount under average conditions and cost of feed, should be disposed of, or, what 
is better, put in condition to produce more income. It is entirely within reason, in fact, 
is proven by close observation and comparison, that a cow with Contagious Abortion 
will fall off on an average fifty per cent, in her milk, and consume just as much feed 
or even more than when in perfect condition. This would figure out $50 per head 
per annum; and, on twenty-five per cent. (5,000,000) of the dairy cows alone, would 
equal $250,000,000, not to mention the beef cows. It is certainly, then, a low estimate 
to put the figure at little more than half that amount ($135,000,000), including both 
dairy and beef cows. 

Note that this tremendous aggregate loss is in milk alone, it being impossible to 
make even an approximate estimate on the calves. But 7,500.000 calves constitute a 
large loss, when their possible value and future usefulness are considered. 

3. THE COW. 

The third source of loss is in the cow herself. Besides becoming profitless as a 
producer of calves and milk, the aborting cow is a source of expense and trouble. 
Being usually a cow that has produced well, the owner hopes for her return to former 
usefulness, and keeps her at an actual loss. Often the final result is barrenness, and 
too frequently a sacrifice on the butcher's block, with no attempt to restore the cow to 
breeding condition, which can be done in nearly every case by proper treatment. 

4. THE HERD. 
The fourth source of loss from the abortion-infected cow is the spread of the 
disease to the entire herd and often to other herds through the services of the bull 
to which she is bred. Abortion germs are transmitted by all the usual agencies of 



38 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

contact in infectious diseases, and by this additional and surest of all agencies, the herd 
bull. 

The germs of the disease vegetate and multiply in the genital organs of both 
male and female, and are very liable to be transmitted to the cow served by the bull 
that has previously served an infected cow. 

HOW TO PREVENT THE LOSS, THE GREAT PROBLEM. 

After having proven to my own satisfaction that the enormous loss of scores of 
millions of wealth to farmers and breeders was just as real as the losses from fire or 
flood or drought or chinch-bug or any other pestilence or calamity, I began searching 
for a means to overcome the trouble. Already convinced that abortion was a germ 
disease, I reasoned that it would have to be attacked in the animal by injections into 
the circulation. After repeated experiments covering several years, I found in a pre- 
pared "serum" an effective treatment. Gradually, I worked this treatment into my 
veterinary practice, where it proved itself to be so effective that owners came to depend 
on it, and asked for means to administer it themselves. Experience soon proved that 
the "serum" treatment could be safely and effectively administered by the owners 
themselves, and its use and demand accordingly spread rapidly. 

I was not long, however, in reaching the conclusion that, along with the "serum" 
for driving the disease out of the blood must go an antiseptic wash for treating locally 
the delicate affected parts, to bring immediate relief when the disease began to develop. 

It was an easy step from this to the next conclusion, that the germs of the disease 
must be eradicated from the stables where infected animals had been kept, in order to 
remove this source of contagion. 

To rescue a cow from the effects of the disease, while very necessary, is no more 
important than stopping the source of the disease. 

Thus, I added to the "serum" for injection, the Antisepto for treating the genital 
organs, and to this the Disinfectall to destroy the germs in the stables where the in- 
fected animals had been kept. 

This is the complete system of treatment, the directions for which are given in the 
closing pages of this book. The plan was developed and tested in oft-repeated experi- 
ments, then put into use in my practice, where it proved its efficiency beyond doubt; 
and finally, offered to and accepted by the cattle industry as a reliable system for 
stamping out Contagious Abortion. 

To paraphrase Patrick Henry, "Eternal vigilance is the price of profits," in the 
farming and live stock industry. The struggle is between the unerring instincts of the 
lowest forms of life and the intelligence of the human or highest form. And human 
intelligence, to come off conqueror, must not only invoke the aid of science, but must 
take ore lesson from the germ itself: attack at every point whenever opportunity offers. 

The germs of Contagious Abortion not only work on the diseased animals, but are 
found in the barns where diseased cattle have been housed, ready to attack every 
animal rendered susceptible to attack. They go farther back, and are found to affect 
calves dropped by cows infected with Contagious Abortion. 

WHY ORDINARY MEANS HAVE FAILED TO ERADICATE 

THE DISEASE. 

The giving of medicine per mouth, by drenching or dosing, disturbs the normal 
action of the bowels, and fails to reach effectively the sources of the trouble. In fact, 
this method often weakens the vital activities and thereby increases the susceptibility 
of the animal tp attack, and thus aggravates the condition it was intended to relieve. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 39 

O 
I want to say, in passing, that a cow should never be drenched for any trouble. 
1 here are better ways of administering medicines, without the dangers of drenching. 

DISPOSING OF THE COW. 

It is a common practice, when Contagious Abortion is discovered in a herd, to sell 
at a sacrifice those that abort, thereby hoping to banish the disease. But the abortion 
germ sits in legions upon every vantage point about the stable where this cow has been 
kept, and is not disturbed by such procedure. And the germs in the cow, if she is sold 
to another herd, rejoice in the prospects of new and fertile fields. 

In selling the aborting cow, of course the dairyman contemplates replacing her. 
He usually sells her at a sacrifice and cannot purchase her equal, when healthy, for 
the same money. So he has suffered a direct loss. The cow purchased to replace her 
will be immediately exposed to infection, both from the rest of the herd and from 
the stable, where the aborting animal was kept, and will certainly be infected as soon 
as her condition is favorable. So it is, that the attempt to get rid of the disease by 
selling off and substitution becomes a means of spreading the malady to other herds, 
and to new additions to one's own herd. 

NEITHER DIRECT TREATMENT NOR DISINFECTION ALONE 
WILL ACCOMPLISH PERMANENT RESULTS. 

While the hypodermic treatment will destroy the germs in the mother's blood 
and the Antisepto will destroy the germs in the genital organs of both the cow and the 
bull, the importance of Disinfectall must not be overlooked, as the means of destroying 
the germs in the stables occupied by infected cattle. 

On the other hand, disinfecting the stables and cleansing the diseased organs will 
avail nothing permanent, while the disease runs riot through the system of even one 
animal in the herd. 

COMPLETE, COMPREHENSIVE TREATMENT OF THE WHOLE 

HERD AND INFECTED QUARTERS, THE ONLY 

EFFECTIVE METHOD. 

The combination of the three effective agencies of germ destruction into one sys- 
tem of treatment will rid any herd of this most dreadful scourge. 

Let it be kept in mind that everything in the herd, excepting steers, require watch- 
ing and treatment. 

CALVES. 

The germs often affect caives when dropped, even if they are carried full time, 
where the cow "has the germs in the system. But calves dropped before full time, 
"living abortions," are sure to carry the germs in the blood ; and since these almost in- 
variably have scours, the excrement is a fruitful source of infection for carrying the 
disease to other calves and cows of the herd. 

HEIFERS. 

Apparently healthy heifers may carry the germs in the blood from birth or be 
infected when calves, and show no signs of abortion until pregnant, whei the germs 
instinctively become active and vegetate rapidly at every vantage point in the system. 
Close and frequent examinations, according to directions given farther on in this • 
volume, will disclose the early symptoms of the disease, and with prompt action the 
calf can be saved. 

COWS. 

A cow that has calved is the most susceptible to attack, and is at the same time 
the most prolific source from which the disease may spread. This is especially true 



40 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

if the afterbirth be retained, hi fact, the retained afterbirth is often the source of 
origin of Contagious Abortion in a herd. At calving time the system of the cow is 
m an exhausted condition and the genital organs peculiarly susceptible to the inva- 
sion and spread of disease. Abortion germs in the system, though in comparatively 
small numbers and low state of activity, become active and increase rapidly at this 
time. The retained afterbirth becomes a hot-bed for germ propagation, and bar- 
renness often results from the violence of the disease. 

The afterbirth, even when dropped within reasonable time, still remains a fertile 
field of propagation and infection, unless buried or burned at once. The genital organs 
of the cow should also be given antiseptic treatment as soon as possible. 

THE HERD BULL. 

It may seem strange that the bull should become the most dangerous and active 
source of abortion; but a moment's reflection will show the reason for this. The 
sheath of the bull, next to the diseased organs of the cow, is the most fertile source of 
germ propagation. As soon as the bull serves an infected cow, he is in condition to 
infect the next cow he serves, and the next, to the entire herd, and all outside herds 
where his service is used. In spreading the disease in one's own herd, and in carrying 
it abroad to other herds, the bull is therefore the greatest source of danger. 

One should not only see that his own bull is free from infection at each service, 
but that all cows brought to him for service are free from symptoms of the disease. 

THE WHOLE HERD. 

Thus the necessity of treating the entire herd, except steers, is apparent; for while 
one infected cow, bull, heifer, or calf remains, the entire herd, and the neighboring 
herds, are in danger. 

Steers are not a source of infection and do not require treatment, for the reason 
that when an animal is castrated he loses the means of transmitting the disease, and 
the system having no sources for germ propagation, rids itself of the effects of the 
disease. 

Cleansing the genital organs of cows and bulls with antiseptic treatment, and 
cleansing the entire systems of cows, bulls, calves, and heifers by the hypodermic in- 
jection of Anti-abortion completes the treatment, so far as the animals themselves 
ire concerned. Thorough disinfection of the stables completes the entire system of 
treatment, and wipes out the germ at every possible source of propagation. 

NOT A THEORY. 
If this system were merely a finely spun theory, I should not be writing this book. 
But it is the result of experiment and experience through twenty years of practice, and 
is confirmed by every one of thousands of owners who have followed the plan out in 
its details. 

RELATION OF CONTAGIOUS ABORTION TO OTHER 

DISEASES. 

1. ACCIDENTAL ABORTION. 

When a cow aborts solely as the result of an injury, the disorder cannot be called 
a disease ; but unless the cow so aborting is looked after carefully, Contagious Abortion 
often results. For the cow is in the most susceptible condition possible for infection. 
The retaining of part of the atferbirth or foetus will often result in Contagious 
Abortion. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



41 



2. TUBERCULOSIS. 

A striking fact, developed from my experience as a veterinarian, is that fully 
seventy-five per cent, of all cattle slaughtered because of tuberculosis were also in- 
fected with Contagious Abortion. 

This observation tends to corroborate a theory at which I had arrived in another 
way, that Contagious Abortion germs in the system prepare the way for the entrance of 
other disease germs, and predispose a cow to tuberculosis and other serious disorders. 

3. ERGOTISM. 
When a cow aborts, of course the act must be attributed to some cause. Many 
simply jump to the conclusion that the cow has been subjected to violence in some way; 
others attribute it to feeds or periods of excitement, without investigating the case. 




Feet of cows severely afflicted with Ergotism. From a photograph. 



Perhaps the most common cause to which abortion has been attributed is ergot. 

The action of ergot upon the animal has a tendency to contract the womb upon the 
foetus and this was thought to be the direct cause of abortion. 

The common term for ergot is smut, and this is often seen upon grasses, corn, and 
other grain, and is more prevalent during some seasons than others. 

In the spring of 1893, my attention was called to a number of cattle afflicted with 
ergotism, having consumed a large amount of June grass, the June grass being so 
affected with ergot as to cause this herd of cattle to lose their feet and the ends of 
their tails. Many of them were seen walking around after the claws and first joints 
had dropped off. One animal in particular was so affected as to have her feet partly 
drop off. But upon change of feed and a course of treatment, recovered from the 
disease. -^She being pregnant at the time of this trouble and carrying her calf full time, 
is sufficient evidence that in this case ergot had nothing to do with abortion. 



42 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

On the theory that ergot would cause abortion, owners of fine cows accidently 
getting with calf from grade or mongrel bulls, have tried to bring about abortion by 
administering large doses of ergot. The failure of such attempts in every case coming 
to my knowledge or observation is further evidence that ergot does not cause abortion. 

The fact that a cow afflicted with ergotism, or any other disease, aborts, does not 
prove nor indicate that that disease is the cause of the abortion. Examination and test 
will show in nearly all cases that the cow is suffering from Contagious Abortion, in 
addition to other ailments, and the act of abortion is the direct result of the activity of 
the germs of Contagious Abortion. 

4. BARRENNESS. 

Barrenness results from abortion in two ways: 

First, the presence and activity of abortion germs in the womb will cause barren- 
ness; the germs causing a catarrhal condition of the womb and destroying the vitality 
of the semen of the bull, thus preventing conception. 

The destruction of the germs of abortion in the system of the cow, by the "serum" 
treatment, will often overcome this form of barrenness and restore the cow to her 
former usefulness. 

Second, the diseased condition of the genital organs in Contagious Abortion fre- 
quently causes the mouth of the womb to become raw and irritated. When the disease 
is eradicated from the system, the mouth of the womb will heal up in a calloused 
condition, and become completely closed. This prevents the cow from breeding, and is 
usually regarded as permanent barrenness. But even this form of barrenness can 
positively be overcome by a special treatment. 

Positive permanent barrenness is far less common than is generally believed. Only 
the absence or destruction of the ovaries, or other vital parts of the reproductive organs, 
or constitutional interference with their functions, will produce permanent barrenness. 

No dairyman or breeder should dispose of a valuable cow because she does not 
breed, until he has thoroughly investigated the cause and made an effort to remove it. 

5. SCOURS IN CALVES. 

I have already called attention to the fact that scours in calves is often the result 
of Contagious Abortion germs born in the calf. This disease, like all other develop- 
ments of abortion, is communicable to other members of the herd. 

HOUSING OF CATTLE. 

While this subject is not directly under discussion here, I cannot pass on without 
repeating what is everywhere urged: give cows plenty of sunlight and good ventilation. 
Damp, dark, poorly-ventilated quarters, partly underground, are absolutely certain to 
prepare the way for disease to enter, and to spread to the entire herd whatever con- 
tagious malady may affect one or more animals. An open shed is preferable to dark, 
foul basement stalls. No amount of fumigation or disinfection can make up for lack 
of air and sunlight. 

CONTAGIOUS ABORTION CAN BE ERADICATED. 

Procrastination is not only the thief of time, but the purloiner of profits in the live 
stock business. And there is no disease of cattle, excepting possibly tuberculosis, that 
advances more stealthily "under cover" than Contagious Abortion. An entire herd 
may be afflicted without apparent symptoms. Later, the disease may so develop as to 
render treatment unavailing as far as saving the calves is concerned. 

But when careful examinations are made at frequent periods, the first and less 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OK CATTLE DISEASES. 43 

apparent symptoms will give ample opportunity to drive the disease from the system, 
save the calf and leave the cow in good condition for milk production. 

Nothing is surer than the absolute eradication of abortion, if the system of treat- 
ment is persistently pursued. 

Even when the disease has advanced so far as to kill the foetus, the cow can be 
saved and placed in prime breeding condition after the foetus is expelled; while without 
treatment, she is likely to become barren and worthless, besides being a source of in- 
fection to other cows. 

DOES THE TREATMENT HURRY ABORTION? 

When Contagious Abortion reaches the stage in which the umbilical cord of the 
foetus is so diseased as to shut off the circulation from the mother, and, as a conse- 
quence, life ceases in the foetus, the treatment has a tendency to cause the act of abor- 
tion. And this is one of the good points of the treatment. For the longer the foetus 
is carried after life is extinct, the greater the damage to the cow and the danger to 
the herd. 

No cattle owner should hesitate to begin the treatment at any stage of the disease ; 
for the final result is always the complete stamping out of the disease, and delays at 
any time not only defer this desired result, but entail material losses. 

If a pregnant cow, not affected by abortion, be treated as a precaution, the treat- 
ment has no ill effects on her. Neither is any ill effect produced upon the quality of 
milk when milch cows are treated. 

SYMPTOMS OF CONTAGIOUS ABORTION DESCRIBED. 

Abortion germs may exist for months, or even years, in the system of an animal, 
in a comparatively inactive state, without making any distinct outward sign of their 
presence. 

A number of cows aborting in a herd should be looked upon with suspicion and 
any of the following signs looked for: swelling of the udder and vulva; separation 
from the balance of the herd; dullness; cessation of chewing of cud; restlessness; 
stamping of the hind feet; passing of a small water bag and a little later a foetus. 
Sometimes both are expelled together; then again the foetus will be expelled and the 
afterbirth retained. 

The first certain symptom is the appearance of small red patches in the vulva. 
Frequent examinations should be made in this manner: have a helper hold aside the 
tail of the cow, heifer, or calf, and, with your two hands, open the lips of the vulva. 
The appearance of small red patches on the lining membrane of the vulva is unmis- 
takable evidence that the animal is infected and in condition to spread the disease. 
Service of the herd bull to a cow or heifer showing these symptoms will infect the bull 
and render him in condition to spread the disease to your entire herd and other herds 
where he is used. 

If in the pregnant cow or heifer there appears with the red patches in the vulva, 
a secretion of white matter, prompt action should be taken, as she is in bad condition. 

Swelling of the udder and vulva at any time before the last month of pregnancy, 
are advanced symptoms of abortion, and the crisis may come at any time. However, 
prompt attention will often prevent abortion even at this advanced stage of the disease. 

WAITING FOR DISTINCT SYMPTOMS IS DANGEROUS 
AND EXPENSIVE. 

When the first appearance of the red patches in the vulva is noticed, it is the part 
of wisdom to disinfect the stables and treat the affected parts of the animals showing 



44 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

symptoms with the antiseptic wash. 

Further; the discovery of one diseased animal in your herd is very strong cir- 
cumstantial evidence that the others are infected. They may only show poor general 
condition or may appear to be in perfect health, but they should be under strong 
suspicion and continually watched and frequently examined. Many owners run no 
risk, but treat the entire herd so as to forestall the disease. 

THE TREATMENT AND DIRECTIONS FOR ITS APPLICATION. 

All cattle afflicted with contagious abortion should receive treatment that will 
overcome the germs which produce the disease. 

The genital organs of both cow and bull should be thoroughly cleansed with an 
antiseptic solution. The stable should be thoroughly disinfected. In this manner the 
disease is met at every turn and it is impossible for the germs of contagious abortion 
to exist where treatment is carefully administered. 



A PICTURE AND LETTER SENT ME BY ONE OF OUR 
THOUSANDS OF SATISFIED CUSTOMERS 

JACOBA IRENE AND CALF 




SI 0,000 Jersey Cow— One of Dr. David Roberts' Patients at the National Dairy 

Show in 1909 

Lawrence, Kans., Dec. 16, 1910. 
Dr David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Doctor: We have mailed you a photograph of one of our Holstein cows 
and three large, strong, healthy calves. 

This Cow, with t lie balance of the herd, received your treatment for abor- 
tion and we thought that this photograph would be the best evidence of re- 
sults. 

We are getting calves by the carload again and they are strong and 
healthy. Respectfully, F. D. Wiggins & Sons. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 45 

GERMS IN DISCHARGE. 

Take Antisepto and lukewarm water, and with the hose and funnel flush out the 
genital organs of the cow, as shown in Fig. 3, inserting the hose about six inches 
into the vagina, and pouring in the solution as indicated. 





Fig. 3 Fig. 4 

All cows and heifers having an unnatural discharge from the vagina should 
have their genital organs washed out with the Antisepto solution, until all dis- 
charges cease. This is important, as animals showing a discharge are in a condi- 
tion to spread the disease. 




Fig. 5. Attendant administering Hypodermic injection to cow in chute in barnyard. 
Flushing Tank in readiness to cleanse genital organs with Antiseptic Solution. 



46 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

The sheath of the herd bull should be washed out with the Antisepto fluid. 
Insert the hose about tliree inches into the sheath of the bull and pour in the solu- 
tion, as shown in Fig. 4, a helper holding the sheath to prevent the hose slipping 
out. This treatment will protect the bull from becoming infected, and will prevent 
him from infecting cows and heifers bred to him. 

The hair on a cow's tail should be kept closely clipped from the tuft or brush up 
to the body ; also the hair at the end of the bull's sheath. When the hair is left 
long in these places it accumulates pus and other discharges and constitutes a fertile 
source of germ propagation and infection. 

KEEP STABLES CLEAN. 

Take an ordinary sprinkling can, fill it with water, put in your Disinfectall, and 
sprinkle your stable floors and walls freely. If you use whitewash, add one to two 
ounces of Disinfectall to each pail of whitewash. 

Use Disinfectall once a week or oftener. 

CARE OF HERD UNDER TREATMENT. 

A cow in heat should be kept in during that period. 

The bull should not be allowed to run with the herd, and should not be per- 
mitted to serve cows from other herds ; nor should you take your cows to other herd 
bulls. 

A cow that has aborted should not be bred until such time as she would have 
come in heat if she had carried her calf full time, and not then unless she is per- 
fectly clean and free from any vaginal discharge. This is important, as a disregard 
of this rule is contrary to nature and hurtful to the cow. 

Bury or burn afterbirth or foetus, and thoroughly disinfect the stalls. 

Special care should be taken in keeping stables clean and well ventilated. The 
liberal use of whitewash and plenty of sunlight are desirable; also thoroughly dis- 
infect with Disinfectall. 



NOTE. — On account of the personal services necessary to be rendered the stockman 
while the herd is under treatment, the treatment for Abortion is not handled by the 
dealer. We want stockmen to write direct to us for further information and special prices. 
In writing state number of cows, heifers, calves and bulls owned. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 47 

This Is What a Few of the High Authorities Have to Say in Regard to 
Dr. David Roberts' Work. 

Gentlemen: I appreciate very much indeed the copy of your book, which has 
just been received. I know it will be found exceedingly valuable, and I am turning 
it over to the Veterinary Department, with the request that it be given a place in the 
library for the use of our teachers and students. With best wishes, I am, 

Very truly yours, 

H. J. WATERS, 
Dean and Director, University of Missouri. 

Gentlemen: I have your letter of the 11th and the book, "Abortion in Cows," which 
have recently come to hand. I thank you for both and shall give the latter a place 
in our Station Library for reference. I have read it with interest and profit. 

Very truly yours, " 

E. D. JENKINS, 
Director, Connecticut Agricultural Station. 

Gentlemen: Yours of the 11th has been received, also the interesting little book on 
Contagious Abortion. I have read this book carefully and find it full of interesting 
facts. We will gladly give it a place in our library. Faithfully yours, 

W. L. ENGLISH, 
Director, Oklahoma Agricultural Station. 

Dear Sir: The writer has received your new book on "Abortion in Cows." We 
have referred several gentlemen in this state to you, and now desire to have you send 
your book to another, Mr. James S. Miller, Emory, Va. 

Yours cordially, 

WALTER J. QUICK, 
Dean and Professor of Animal Husbandry, 

Virginia College of Agriculture. 

Gentlemen: Permit me to thank you for your book, "Abortion in Cows." I shall 
go over this carefully and give my determination of such. I shall certainly give 
it a place in my library. Thanking you for the same and for past favors, I remain, 

Yours very truly, 

WM. H. PEW, 
Animal Husbandman, New Hampshire Agricultural Station. 

Gentlemen: I beg to acknowledge receipt of copy of "Abortion in Cows." This 
is a most valuable little work and one that ought to be in the hands of every cattle- 
man. The disease is little understood by the average stockman and anything that will 
contribute to a better understanding and a more successful treatment of it is a boon 
to the cattlemen. Very truly yours, 

E. DAVENPORT, 
Dean and Director, Illinois College of Agriculture. 

Gentlemen: I believe that Dr. Roberts, in his little work on "Abortion in Cows," 
presents a practical common-seme solution of the abortion problem. The germ theory 
is the correct one. excent in special cases, and the antiseptic and disinfecting 
treatment of animals appeals to the judgment of thinking men. 

Respectfully, 

M. W. WILLIAMS, 
Editor, The Ohio Farmer. 

AFTERBIRTH RETAINED. 

The retention of the afterbirth or placenta (or failure to clean beyond a certain 
time after the expulsion of the foetus or calf from the uterus) must be looked upon 
as an unnatural condition which requires attention. The afterbirth should be shed or 
expelled soon after the foetus is dropped or the calf is born. With ruminants (or 
animals that chew the cud) retention of the afterbirth is not uncommon, though even 
in them there is a difference in this respect according to species, it being more common 
in the cow than in the sheep or goat. 



48 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

This frequency of retained afterbirth in the ruminant animals is doubtless due to 
its peculiar conformation or button-like fastenings. 

COW RUINED AS A PROFIT PRODUCER. 

While a cow may appear to be a little inconvenienced by the retention of the after- 
birth, at the same time she is, if neglected, being slowly ruined as a milker, breeder, 
or profit producer. 

NEGLECTED COW ENDANGERS THE WHOLE HERD. 
A cow that has retained her afterbirth is not only being ruined as a profit pro- 
ducer by being neglected, her milk will not only be short in quantity, poor in quality, 
but absolutely unfit for human use. She may be also acting as a hotbed for the propa- 
gation of the germs of infectious Abortion and Tuberculosis. These may be brought 
on by decomposition of the retained afterbirth. 

THE HERD BULL LIABLE TO INFECTION. 

As this continues the animal absorbs the poisonous formations of matter which 
causes her to grow weak and lose flesh rapidly, thus putting her in a condition so that 
when she is bred to the herd bull she may infect him with the germ of infectious 
abortion and he is then in a condition to spread the disease. 

In this manner the disease of infectious abortion may be introduced into a herd 
and great loss caused. 

DANGER OF TUBERCULOSIS. 

This same cow, in her run-down condition, may also contract tuberculosis, and 
then expose the entire herd. 

HOW TO KNOW IT. 

Usually there is more or less of the foetal envelopes protruding and hanging 
from the vulva orifice, though sometimes only the umbilical cord is to be seen. Occa- 
sionally the mass is so large as to hang below the hocks with little sacks of liquid at 
the lower end. If recently expelled, it has a fresh tint, not materially different from 
that of the intestines; but if exposed for some time, and especially in the summer, it 
becomes greyish in color. 

Decomposition soon sets in, especially in the exposed parts, and as putrefaction 
progresses the odor becomes very offensive, and thin, bloody, brown tinted discharges, 
composed of the decomposed parts of the membrane and secretions from the irritated 
mucous lining of the genital canal, flow from the vulva, soiling the tail, thighs and 
hocks, and often making them sore. 

COW HEALTH IN DANGER. 

As these causes continue, the health of the animal suffers. Oftentimes there is 
dullness, prostration, decreased flow of milk, loss of appetite, quickened respiration and 
increased temperature and other indications of illness. 

Retention of the afterbirth occurs most frequently in cases of abortiun or when 
birth occurs some days before the proper time. Usually a cow that has retained the 
afterbirth at its first calf will do so at each succeeding birth. 

COW UNDER CONTINUOUS DRAIN. 
Among the breeding cows the consideration of proper care must be made important 
in order to make either breeding or dairying profitable. The breeding cow must carry 
a calf every year, and this notwithstanding that she is at the same time suckling 
another calf. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 49 

The dairy cow must breed every year, and at the same time must give a generous 
him of milk for her owner's profit from nine to eleven months yearly. If her health 
is lowered thereby, or her life shortened, the question of profit must be considered, and 
she should yield her place to another when she fails as a profit producer. 

HOW TO PREVENT RETENTION OF THE AFTERBIRTH. 

There are certain points, however, in which the care of the cow should be con- 
sidered. The pregnant cow should have exercise, and as regards both exercise and 
food, nothing is better than Nature's care, such as she gets while at pasture. She 
should not be given ice cold water to drink, or be exposed to violent excitement, such 
as being chased by dogs, riding, or being ridden by cows in heat, driven through 
narrow gateways, compelled to jump ditches or fences, hooked by other cattle, driven 
on icy or slippery ground, or being kicked or pounded by vicious attendants. 

The diet should be good, clean, wholesome food, such as will produce the greatest 
amount of strength and yield of milk both for the profit of the owner and the nourish- 
ment of the foetus. 

Much more is expected from the cow than any other domestic animal. In the 
breeding cow the value of the calf is the important consideration, and in the dairy 
cow the yield of milk. In either case the system is at all times under a continuous 
drain, furnishing blood, muscle, bone and sinews for the foetus, at the same time 
producing milk either for another calf by her side or for the profit of her owner. 

THE COW A SURE PROFIT PRODUCER. 
For this reason the cow should receive a reasonable amount of care and attention. 
She is the surest and most reliable of all farm profit producers, the one animal which 

MUCH EXPECTED FROM THE COW. 
the owner can bank upon to always produce her share of the income, provided she is 
given a reasonable amount of care, which consists in pure water, good, clean, whole- 
some food, and such ingredients as will regulate and control the nervous system, and 
stimulate the sluggish organs, of which a pregnant cow is usually the possessor. The 
sluggish organs are one of the greatest causes of the retention of the afterbirth, at the 
same time being a cause of constipation, which is only a symptom of the former. 

NATURE'S DEMANDS. 
To prevent the conditions which cause a cow to retain her afterbirth it is neces- 
sary to give such ingredients with the food as will have an affinity for the genital 
organs, and will enable them to perform each and every function that nature demands 
them to perform at the trying and critical period of calving, thereby enabling the cow 
to deliver herself of her calf without an unreasonable amount of exertion, and at a 
reasonable time after so doing to e^pel the afterbirth, without mechanical aid. 

NATURE NEEDS ASSISTANCE. 

So much is expected of the pregnant cow and the drain upon her system is so 
great that she should have proper feed and such ingredients added to it, as go to make 
up a perfect tonic for a pregnant animal. 

It is impossible to care for cows as nature would care for them. To a certain 
extent they are deprived of proper laxative food and water when desired, exercise 
and sunlight, and such vegetable matter as nature requires to keep her genital organs 
in a strong, healthy condition. Being deprived of these, it is necessary that they 
be furnished wilh something to take their place, thus enabling the genital organs to 
perform each and every function required, such as contracting upon the matured 



50 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

calf, causing same to be born at the proper time, and expelling the afterbirth within 
a few hours afterwards, enabling the cow to come in heat at regular intervals, and to 
get with calf when bred. 

BREEDING TONIC ESSENTIAL. 

Breeding Tonic, which is prepared especially for pregnant cows and heifers, should 
be fed to pregnant cows in small quantities in their feed during the period of pregnancy. 
This will keep the genital organs in a strong, healthy condition, thereby enabling 
them to give birth to strong, healthy calves in the proper manner, at the same time 
preventing retention of the afterbirth, catarrhal discharges, and barrenness. 

By keeping the cow in a perfectly healthy condition, you enable her to ward off 
many diseases that might otherwise be contracted at this critical period. The feeding 
of this Breeding Tonic to pregnant cows strengthens and invigorates the muscles and 
all of their genital organs to such an extent that they have no trouble in calving and 
expelling the afterbirth as Nature intended. 

NEVER USE FORCE IN REMOVING AN AFTERBIRTH. 

An afterbirth that can be removed without force or injury to the cow is in a 
condition to come away of its own accord. 

In removing the afterbirth by main force it is only the body of it and such buttons 
as are torn off that comes away, thus leaving many serious conditions. If the cotyledons 
or buttons are forcibly torn off, there is great danger of serious internal hemorrhage, 
as well as leaving a lot of clotted blood in the womb to decompose. 

WHEN FORCE IS USED PARTS REMAIN. 
The parts of the afterbirth attached to the buttons are retained and undergo putre- 
faction, and the buttons torn from the womb leave raw sores, which become infected 
by the rotting, decomposing, irritating masses of foreign matter of which a large 
per cent, is absorbed by the system. 

DANGER OF EXPELLING THE WOMB. 
By using force the horns of the uterus may be turned inside out. This will cause 
the cow to strain violently, and by so doing the womb is often expelled, the result of 
which is serious and often fatal. 

The displacement of either or both horns of the womb will cause the cow to strain 
for some time. This condition may, and often does, cause barrenness. 

It is for this reason that barrenness often occurs when the afterbirth is forcibly 
removed. 

DRAINAGE IMPORTANT. 

The afterbirth should be allowed to remain until the buttons are ripe and in 
condition to release it by its own weight. The afterbirth in this way acts as a drainage 
by keeping the mouth of the womb open. This allows the contents of the womb to 
escape, instead of being retained by closure of the mouth of the womb. 

DANGER OF POISON. 
In this case, the animal would be compelled to absorb the poisonous matter, 
consisting of pieces of afterbirth which are always retained when force is used in 
removing it. Otherwise, the mouth of the womb would close and cause the womb 
to fill with matter, a portion of which is expelled, causing a catarrhal condition of 
the vagina, and acting as a hotbed for the germs of infection to propagate and 
multiply. This is liable to produce Barrenness and Infectious Abortion, and the cow 
by absorbing a large portion of this matter dries up on her milk, grows thin rapidly, 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 51 

3 

and is liable to become a victim of tuberculosis. If she contracts tuberculosis she 
may then expose the entire herd to the disease. 

See Prescription No. 2 for Prevention of Retaining Afterbirth, page 145. ^ 

TREATMENT FOR RETENTION OF AFTERBIRTH. 

To overcome this condition the cow should be given a loose box stall, dry, clean, 
and warm, with plenty of sunlight and good ventilation. A blanket may be placed 
on her if necessary. Plenty of warm drinks, good, clean, warm, sloppy, nourishing 
food, containing such ingredients as will loosen the bowels by toning them; and will 
tone and stimulate the genital organs so as to put the cotyledons or buttons in a 
perfectly healthy condition. This will enable the cow to naturally expel the afterbirth, 
which should be removed from the box stall as soon as expelled, so as to prevent the 
cow from eating it. 

The ingredients which will enable the genital organs to perform their functional 
duties and will enable a cow to expel her afterbirth in a natural manner are contained 
in the Cow Cleaner, which is prepared especially for and should be given in all cases 
of retained afterbirth. 

PREVENT BLOOD POISONING. 

In retention of the afterbirth it is very essential to prevent putrefaction, decom- 
position, and absorption of the decomposing mass; also to prevent and destroy germs, 
soothe the irritated parts, prevent inflammation and hasten the expulsion of the after- 
birth. It is very necessary to use such ingredients in the form of a solution for washing 
out the vagina while the afterbirth is retained, and even after the expulsion of same 
and until all discharge ceases, as will accomplish all this. At the same time the solu- 
tion must be harmless in case the animal absorbs part of it, which she is very liable 
to do. Many a valuable cow has been ruined or destroyed by absorbing powerful 
poisonous solutions for washing out the genital organs. 

To avoid this danger, use Antisepto for preparing an Antiseptic solution which is 
to be injected with a hose and funnel into the vagina of all cows afflicted with reten- 
tion of afterbirth. This Antisepto is an especially prepared remedy for washing the 
genital organs of cattle. 

Antisepto is invaluable for this purpose, as it contains ingredients that prevent 
and destroy germs, at the same time is healing and soothing to the delicate organs 
of the cow and is harmless if absorbed. 

See Prescription No. 3 for Afterbirth Retained, page 145. 

ABSCESS. 

An Abscess may be detected, if situated externally, by heat, pain, redness, and 
swelling in the early stage. 

TREATMENT. 

The opening of an abscess should be encouraged by poulticing with Antiseptic 
Poultice. However, if lanced, care should be taken not to open too soon. The time 
to open an abscess is just before it is ready to break. 

The cavity should be kept open and syringed out with a solution of Germ Killer 
once or twice daily, then inject the Healing Oil and Healing Lotion, alternately, as 
directed. 

See Prescription No. 4, page 145. 

ANTHRAX. 

The animal without having shown any signs of disease suddenly drops down in 
the pasture and dies in convulsions; or an animal apparently well at night, is found 



52 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

dead in the morning. They stop feeding or ruminating a few hours before death. 
Chills and fever set in. The temperature runs high — 106 to 107. 

ANTHRAX TREATMENT. 

Treatment is useless. The only thing to do is to prevent the balance of the herd 
from getting it. This is done by vaccination. Injecting vaccine under the skin with a 
syringe, the results of which are very good. Write for particulars. 

See Prescription No. 5, page 145. 

APPETITE DEPRAVED. 

Cattle thus afflicted have a strong desire to lick the walls, eat dirt and filth, that 
a healthy animal would have no desire for. 

TREATMENT. 
Give good, clean, wholesome feed, and give Cow Tonic, according to directions. 
Medicate all salt with CONDENSED STOCK TONIC. 
See Prescription No. 6, page 145. 

BARRENNESS 

Barrenness, sterility, or failure to breed in cows and heifers, is due either to 
imperfect, unnatural, or diseased genital organs. 

IMPERFECTION OF THE GENITAL ORGANS. 

This is one of the causes of barrenness, and may be due to an undeveloped 
womb or imperfect ovaries. 

It is usually the case that when a twin heifer and bull calf are born, and the 
bull proves to be fruitful, the heifer is barren, and vice versa. If this be the case 
with the heifer, she is not liable to come in heat at all, and is very apt to take on 
very masculine appearance; more often having the appearance of a steer than a bull. 
Ever after she has arrived at breeding age, the breeding organs are undeveloped and 
there is no sign of an udder, this being proof of imperfect genital organs. 

An animal thus afflicted can never be made to breed. 

UNNATURAL CONDITION OF THE ORGANS. 
An unnatural, swollen and inflamed condition of the genital organs may be brought 
on by a retention of the afterbirth, this being allowed to be retained in a decomposing 
condition until it rots away, leaving the mouth of the womb irritated, scalded and 
sore, so that when it does close, it heals closed so firmly that it cannot be opened 
without mechanical aid in the form of a dilator. 

DISEASED ORGANS. 

The genital organs may become diseased from several causes, chief of which is 
neglect, in cases of retained afterbirth, the same becoming decomposed and converted 
into matter, causing a catarrhal condition of the mucuous membrane of the womb and 
vagina. 

If a cow be served while in this condition, the semen of the bull will be destroyed 
by this corrosive discharge, thus preventing conception. 

DISEASED BULL MAY CAUSE BARRENNESS. 
If a healthy cow be bred to a bull infected with germs of abortion, she is very 
liable to become infected. This infection will set up a catarrhal condition of the 
womb and vagina, and irritate the mouth and neck of the womb to such an extent as 
to cause same to become sore, and when this sore heals, the scar tissue and cartilage 
formations are so firm and rigid that they will not open without mechanical aid. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 53 

TUMOROUS GROWTH MAY CAUSE BARRENNESS. 
A slow catarrhal condition of the womb oftentimes causes a gristly, sticky, pliable 
formation of mucous, called Neoplasm. This renders conception more or less difficult. 
The formation of small growths, such as tumors, which are liable to form on any 
part of the genital organs, but are more apt to be at the mouth or in the neck of the 
womb, often prevent conception. 

BARRENNESS MAY BE TRANSMITTED. 
A barren cow, afflicted with a catarrhal discharge of the genital organs may be 
bred to a perfectly healthy bull ; the bull then becoming infected. He in turn may be 
bred to a perfectly healthy cow, which has never been afflicted with barrenness, and 
she may in this way become infected and rendered barren. 

HOW TO KNOW IT. 

A reasonably healthy cow or heifer that may be bred once or twice at different 
periods of heat to a reasonably healthy bull, and fails to get with calf, should be 
looked upon as barren, unless it may be the fault of the bull, which is very seldom 
the case. This can be determined very easily by breeding the bull to several of the 
cows and watching the results. If any of them conceive, that proves that the bull 
is not at fault. 

In case a cow does not conceive it is not advisable to take her to outside bulls, as 
by so doing chances are being taken of introducing into your herd diseases that may 
prove more serious than barrenness. 

SUSPICIOUS SIGNS OF BARRENNESS. 

A cow coming in heat at unreasonable periods and frequent intervals, such as 
the day following expulsion of the foetus, or the birth of a calf, is another sign of 
barrenness. 

The mere fact of a cow coming in heat at any time after she is bred should 
be looked upon with suspicion, and should receive proper attention as early as pos- 
sible, for the reason that the longer the cow remains barren the more difficult it will 
be to get her with calf. 

ALL HEALTHY COWS SHOULD BREED. 

All reasonably healthy cows and heifers should be made to breed. 

This can be done with little trouble and slight expense if given proper attention. 
Many a valuable cow and heifer have been sacrificed or disposed of for the reason 
that they were not made to breed. This may have been due to a lack of proper infor- 
mation pertaining to this subject. 

It is very important that a cow in order to conceive be in a reasonably healthy 
condition. The genital organs should be in a condition to perform their functional 
duties as Mature would have them. A lack of secretion or an excess of secretion, 
renders conception difficult. A lack of ambition or vigor, or an over amount of 
same, renders conception difficult, a lack or an excess of either being an unnatural con- 
dition of the genital organs. This should be overcome and controlled by the use of 
the Breeding Tonic, or ingredients that will regulate and control the genital organs. 

First of all, the cow or heifer should be in a reasonably healthy condition.. She 
should not be too thin (emaciated), thus lacking the strength which nature demands; 
neither should she be too fat (plethoric), or over-stimulated, for in this condition con- 
ception would be difficult 



54 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

FAVORABLE SIGNS FOR BREEDING. 
A cow before breeding should be carefully noticed, to make sure that there is no 
unnatural discharge from the vulva. A natural discharge would be a discharge of 
mucous that has every appearance of the white of an egg, and at the period of heat 
usually contains a little blood. 

UNFAVORABLE CONDITIONS FOR BREEDING AND DANGER OF 
INFECTION. 

An unnatural discharge from the vulva may be a discharge of mucous streaked 
with or containing drops of matter or pus, or a discharge that is all matter or pus, 
very sticky in nature, adhering to the roots of the tail, at the same time having a very 
disagreeable odor. This discharge indicates that the organs are very much diseased. 

SIGN OF ABORTION. 

Another discharge which is often noticed, and which often follows abortion, is a 
brownish red, or chocolate-colored discharge, very profuse, having a sweetish, sicken- 
ing odor. These discharges often stimulate and irritate the genital organs of a cow or 
heifer, thus causing them to come in heat at irregular periods, such as a day or so 
after expulsion of the foetus or calf, and if a cow or heifer in such condition be bred 
to a perfectly healthy bull it may not only infect him and render him in a condition to 
infect other cows, but may also produce an acute irritation and inflammation, which 
may leave his organ in such a sore, irritated condition that he will have no desire to 
serve a cow until he has been treated with an antiseptic solution. 

BULLS SHOULD HAVE ATTENTION. 

The solution, which should be injected into the sheath of the bull, should destroy 
germs and soothe and heal the irritated and inflamed mucous membrane. 

This will enable him to serve a cow when called upon to do so, at the same 
time preventing him from infecting cows that he may be bred to, also preventing 
him from becoming infected. 

TREATMENT OF BARRENNESS. 

All barren cows and heifers should be given Breeding Tonic in their feed, and 
their genital organs should be washed out with the Antisepto Solution. 

Barrenness is due either to a diseased or weakened condition of the genital organs. 
It is unreasonable to expect a cow or heifer to breed until this condition is overcome. 

The Breeding Tonic contains such ingredients as are necessary to tone, strengthen 
and regulate the genital organs, in this manner putting them in a strong, healthy, 
breeding condition. 

ANTISEPTIC SOLUTION IMPORTANT. 

The genital organs of all barren cows and heifers should be washed out with this 
solution until they conceive, whether they have a discharge or not. 

This solution will prevent and overcome the acid secretions which kill the semen 
of the bull and prevent the cow from conceiving. 

It will also prevent and destroy germs, soothe and heal all inflamed mucous 
membranes, thus preventing the formation of germs and the spread of the disease. 

If a cow or heifer be cared for according to the demands of nature and fails to 
get with calf after being bred a reasonable number of times, she should then be 
classed as a barren animal. Upon examination of the neck of the womb it is usually 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



55 




WOMB OF BARREN COW. 

1. Vulva (external parts). 

2. Uretha (opening into bladder). 

3. Vagina (canal leading from vulva to 

womb). 

4. Os (mouth of womb). 

5. Neck of uterus (or womb). 

6. Body of uterus (or womb). 

7. Horn of uterus (or womb). 

8. Ovaries (organ which produces 

ovum). 



found to be tightly closed. The neck 
of the womb contains three cartilage rings, 
which in this closed condition are found 
to be much contracted. This should be 
overcome by the use of a womb sound 
and dilator. 

ARTIFICIAL ME MS NECESSARY 

Insert the womb sound then follow 
with the Womb Dilators whcih over- 
come this unnatural diseased condition 
by being placed as far into the neck of 
the womb as possible. These dilators con- 
tain a preparation which, when it comes 
in contact with the neck of the womb, 
or cartilage rings, is absorbed, the result 
being that the neck of the womb and car- 
tilage rings relax their rigid and con- 
tracted condition. The dilator at the 
same time absorbs moisture, and slowly 
but firmly expands, and by so doing di- 
lates the neck of the womb, rendering 
conception easy. In case a cow or heifer 
does not conceive after the use of one 
dilator, a second should be used, as per- 
haps the dilation of the second or third 
ring had not been accomplished, and in 
case they do not conceive after the use 
of the second dilator, a third should be 
used, as this will open the third and last 
After the third dilator has been used the 



ring, in this manner overcoming barrenness 

cow should be bred at several different periods of heat, in the natural way, without 

any artificial means. 



DILATOR 




The Above Sketch Shows Womb Dilator in Position. 



56 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

DIRECTIONS FOR USING WOMB DILATOR. 

Apply lard or vaseline to the hand, and introduce it into the vagina of the cow 
when she is in heat. Dilate the neck of the womb as much as possible with the 
Womb Sound, then withdraw the hand and introduce the Womb Dilator into the 
vagina and insert it into the neck of the womb; allow Dilator to remain there for 
eight or ten hours; then remove it by pulling on the attached cord. After removing 
Dilator the cow should be bred at once, and kept from the balance of the herd for 
twenty-four hours. 

The Womb Dilator can be inserted by anyone; no professional skill required. 

See Prescription No. 7 for Barren Cows, page 145. 

BLOATING. 

Bloating may be known by a swelling of the left flank. This swelling rises 
above the level of the backbone, and when tapped with the finger sounds like a drum. 

There is always great danger of smothering. For this reason a Trocar should 
always be kept on hand. 

TREATMENT. 

The animal should be tied up and compelled to stand on a box or platform which 
will elevate front parts from six to twelve inches ; give Laxotonic as directed, and 
place a gag in the mouth. In very severe cases they should be tapped by the use 
of a Trocar. The point of this operation is on the left side, just midway between 
the point of the hip and the last rib. Point the Trocar inward and downward. Give 
an injection of warm water per rectum (2 to 4 quarts). Dip Trocar in Germ 
Killer solution before tapping. 

TO PREVENT BLOATING. 

One box of Stokvigor should be mixed thoroughly with 25 pounds of salt and 
put in troughs in a sheltered place where the cows can have free access to it in 
passing to and from the pasture; this will not only prevent them from bloating, but 
will keep them in a healthy condition. 

See Prescription No. 8, page 145. 

BLACK LEG. 

Black Leg is a disease that very much resembles Anthrax. The symptoms are 
very much the same in both cases, excepting that the animal may live a few days 
longer with Anthrax than with Black Leg. ' 

The most important characteristic of this disease is the appearance of a tumor or 
swelling under the skin of the affected animal a few hours after the setting in of 
the disease. 

The tumor may be located on the thighs, neck, shoulder, breast, hock joints, flanks 
or rump. By examining or feeling of the parts a peculiar crackling sound is heard 
under the skin. This is due to a collection of gas formed by the germs as they 
multiply. At this stage the skin becomes dry and cool to the touch in the center of 
the tumor. If the swelling is lanced a frothy, dark red, rather disagreeable, smelling 
fluid is discharged. The animal manifests little or no pain during the operation. 

TREATMENT. 

The treatment of this disease is very unsatisfactory. In fact, it is useless to 
undertake it. A prevention of the disease is the only wise thing to undertake. This 
is to render the balance of the herd immune by vaccination with Black Leg Vaccine. 

In a case of this kind write us for further particulars. 

See Prescription No. 9, page 145. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 57 

BLOOD POISONING. 

This is a condition resulting from the absorption into the system of putrid, poison- 
ous matter or pus, such as follows retention of the afterbirth in animals. 

There will be a high fever, rapid but weak pulse and fast breathing. Loss of 
appetite, staring coat and delirium in the last stages of the disease. 

TREATMENT. 

Discover the cause, if possible, and if it is an abscess open it and wash it out 
with a solution of Germ Killer. Then inject Healing Oil. If it is a sore, wash it 
with Germ Killer solution and apply Healing Oil. Often internal treatment is very 
important and consists in reducing the fever and keeping up the action of the heart. 
This is done by the Fever Paste; give every three hours with two ounces of good 
whiskey. 

See Prescription No. 10, page 145. 

BOILS. 

Boils in cattle usually appear about the size of a hen's egg. 

The abscess begins as a small, round bunch and gradually increases in size. 

TREATMENT. 

Antiseptic poulticing should be done; apply Healing Oil twice daily until the 
core is formed, when the abscess should be opened and syringed out once or twice 
daily with the Healing Oil. 

See Prescription No. 11, page 145. 

BOWEL STOPPAGE. 

(See Paralysis of Bowels, page 71.) 
See Prescription No. 54, page 147. 

BRONCHITIS. 

Bronchitis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bronchial tubes. 
It is commonly known as catching cold, but it is more often brought on by foreign 
bodies such as medicine, gruels, salts and oils being given to cattle as a drench. It is 
for this reason that cattle should never be drenched. 

In Bronchitis there is usually a loss of appetite, a rise of temperature (generally 
104 to 105), and the breathing is incomplete, short, quick and painful. The pulse is 
increased and often a painful cough is present. 

TREATMENT. 

The animals should be placed in a light, well ventilated box-stall, given feed of 
a laxative nature, such as grass in season and bran mashes, which latter should be 
made out of linseed tea. Give the animal plenty of water to drink. Apply white lini- 
ment to throat and lungs. 

The fever should be reduced with the Fever Paste and the bowels kept open with 
Laxotonic, while warm water injections per rectum should be given by means of a 
hose and funnel. After this has been accomplished, the cow may be given Cow Tonic, 
and well cared for until fully recovered. 

See Prescription No. 12, page 145. 

CALF CHOLERA. 

This is a catarrhal condition of the mucous membrane of the bowels. It is either 
a disturbance of the digestive organs or a symptom of some other trouble. 

As a disease itself, it is an unnaturally increased action of the bowels, and at first 
may be nothing more than an attempt of Nature to relieve the stomach and bowels 



58 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

of their undigested, fermenting, offensive and irritating contents, which is marked 
by a thin, profuse, watery discharge from them. This indicates an irritated and over- 
stimulated condition of the excreting glands of the bowels, causing an unnatural in- 
creased amount of liquid to be emptied into them, thereby mixing with the undigested 
fermenting contents, which is irregularly and rapidly expelled from the bowels. Such 
a condition shows a catarrhal and overstimulated condition of the mucous membrane 
of the digestive organs, which are very sensitive to irritating, or soothing ingredients 
taken into the system. 

SCOURS DUE TO INDIGESTION. 

The surroundings of the calf have much to do with the cause of this disease. 
Calves kept indoors suffer to a greater extent than those running in the open air and 
having the strengthening influences of sunshine, pure air and exercise. Closely 
crowded, filthy and bad smelling buildings are important factors in causing the disease. 

All these causes tend toward reducing the activity of the digestive organs. As 
scours in calves is the common result of indigestion, it is therefore necessary that the 
digestive organs be kept in good, strong, healthy condition. 

INDIGESTION DUE TO MANY CAUSES. 
Indigestion may occur from many different causes, as costiveness, a too liberal 
supply of milk ; too rich milk ; the furnishing of the milk of a cow long after calving 
to a very young calf; allowing the calf to suck the first milk of a cow that has been 
hunted, driven by road, shipped by rail, or otherwise violently excited; allowing the 
calf too long time between meals, so that impelled by hunger it quickly overloads 
and clogs the stomach; feeding from a pail milk that has been held over in unwashed 
(unscalded) buckets, so that it is fermented and spoiled; feeding the milk of cows kept 
on unwholesome food; keeping calves in cold, damp, dark, filthy or bad smelling 
pens. The licking of hair from themselves or others and its formation into balls in 
the stomach will cause indigestion in the calf. 

SIMPLE SCOURS DEVELOPS INTO INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 

The above are causes of simple diarrhoea or scours. This form in its early stages 
is not infectious, but is due to indigestion. As indigestion persists, however, the fer- 
mentations going on in the undigested masses become steadily more complicated and 
active, and what was at first the mere result of irritation or suspended digestion, comes 
to be a genuine infectious disease, in which the organized ferments (bacteria or germs) 
propagate, multiply and produce an infectious disease which is commonly called scours 
in calves, but properly called Calf Cholera. It is for this reason that it is trans- 
mitted and carried from one animal to another, thus causing untold losses to dairyman 
and breeder. 

DISEASE APPEARS SUDDENLY. 

Scours in calves or Calf Cholera in many instances differs from Diarrhoea in the 
adults and has special features of its own, taking the form of infectious intestinal 
catarrh, which is far more serious than the ordinary diarrhoea of the full grown animal. 
This disease generally appears suddenly. A perfectly healthy calf may be seized all 
at once, apparently, without any change in food or care. The symptoms of this infan- 
tile diarrhoea usually appear during the first two or three weeks of life. In many 
cases it occurs within a few hours after the animal is born, and the calf may die 
within from twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 

CALF MAY CONTAIN GERMS AT BIRTH. 
It is common for the calf to be afflicted with scours immediately at birth, even 
before it has had time to suck or take any nourishment whatever. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 59 

The fasces or manure are very thin and watery. They have a sour, disagreeable 
odor and are usually very light colored. The avacuations are frequent and expelled 
with force. 

PROMPT ATTENTION NECESSARY. 

The first indication of the presence of the disease is usually the soiled condition 
of the tail, loss of appetite, sunken eyes, sometimes the saliva flowing from the mouth, 
no attempt being made to swallow it. They have a staring coat, grow thin and lose 
strength rapidly. Death usually follows in from twelve to twenty-four hours unless 
prompt measures are taken to check the disease. If allowed to continue for any length 
of time the scouring will be accompanied by congestion and ulceration of the intestinal 
mucous membrane caused by the irritating secretions. As a result of this disease 
partial or total blindness is sometimes brought on. 

HOW TO PREVENT CALF CHOLERA. 

To prevent scours in calves proper care should be given to the mother while she 
is pregnant, that she may be able to give birth to a healthy calf. As it is a germ dis- 
ease, it is very important that the calf has none of these germs in its system before it 
is born. Calves from mothers which are affected with the disease of abortion are most 
apt to die of scours. It is therefore very necessary that the cows be kept free from 
the disease. Calves born afflicted with the germs of this disease in their system are in 
a position to spread the disease to other calves that they may come in contact with 
in the same herd, or if shipped to other herds. This is another proof of its infectious 
nature. 

TO PREVENT LOSS. 

After removing the afflicted calf from the rest of the calves the stable should be 
thoroughly disinfected with Disinfectall, and the balance of the calves should be 
given Calf Cholera Remedy once daily with their regular feed, thereby keeping their 
digestive organs in proper condition so that they may digest and assimilate their 
food and thus escape the disease entirely. 

TO CARE FOR CALF PROPERLY. 

The most important factor in the raising of cattle is their care while young. 

Do not think that you are doing the correct thing if you are only managing to 
keep the life in a calf until it is three months old, and then have it get fat on grass 
before the winter comes. If you do this you are apt to have a lot of "scraws" with 
their digestive organs destroyed, and which will never make strong, healthy steers 
or cows and will not be good for either dairy, beef or breeding animals. 

PROFIT IN PROPER CARE OF CALVES. 
It is but little more expense and care to give your calves the attention and food 
necessary to keep them free from scours and other diseases and start them off with 
digestive organs in good condition and a strong constitution. This can be done by 
keeping on hand a package of Calf Cholera Remedy and feeding it to your calves 
from the time they are dropped until they are fifteen days old, which will carry them 
past the time when they are most subject to the disease of calf cholera or scours. By 
doing this you will lay the foundation of a strong constitution upon which you can 
build a strong, healthy animal, and one which with proper care will make you 
money in whatever line it is put, whether beef or breeding. 

CALVES CONTRACT CHOLERA. 

A calf that is not infected with the germs of Cholera at birth may contract 
them later on from other causes, such as indigestion, close stabling and coming in 



60 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

contact with calves already thus infected. The germs of cholera when once intro- 
duced into the system propagate and multiply so rapidly that unless measures are 
immediately taken to destroy them and stop their ravages in the system death will 
ensue in a short time. 

PROPER FOOD SHOULD BE FURNISHED. 

The calf should receive proper food, free from fermentation, at regular intervals 
and in reasonable amounts. To this food should be added a good, reliable Calf Meal 
that will aid digestion and prevent fermentation, thereby preventing the formation 
of germs and causing a proper digestion and assimilation of the food. 

This is an insurance against death by scours or calf cholera. 

TREATMENT OF CALF CHOLERA. 

While it is much easier to prevent a disease than it is to cure it, still it is very 
important to know how to properly care for an animal after it is taken sick. This 
is certainly the case with a calf which has Calf Cholera or scours, for if it is not 
taken in hand promptly it will probably be too late to do anything for it, as the 
disease is apt to prove fatal in a short time. 

When it is discovered that a calf has diarrhoea or scours it should be placed in 
a clean, warm, loose, well disinfected and ventilated stall, free from cold drafts, 
but admitting plenty of sunlight. It should receive a mild laxative to rid the bowels 
of the irritating contents, after which it should be given Calf Cholera Remedy. This 
remedy will arrest fermentation, mildly check the secretions, aid digestion and assimil- 
ation, thereby destroying and preventing the formation of germs, thus causing the 
bowels to be soothed and healed, enabling the calf to pass the faeces in a natural 
form. Roots of tail and hind quarters should be washed once daily with Solution 
of Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 13 for Calf Cholera, page 145. 

CALF INDIGESTION. 

HOW TO KNOW IT. 

The symptoms of calf indigestion are dullness, belching of gas from the stomach, 
sour breath, entire loss of appetite, colicky pains, and at first constipation, which later 
on develops into diarrhoea, the faeces being very offensive. 

If constipation be present at the time of treatment the calf should be given small 
doses of Laxotonic, but if diarrhoea be present at the time of treatment small doses 
of Calf Cholera Remedy should be given. 

See Prescription No. 14, page 145. 

CONSTIPATION IN CALVES. 

Constipation is more often noticed in newly born calves. There may be a continual 
switching of the tail, uneasiness, and an effort to empty the bowels. If Nature fails 
to do its part, the treatment is to give on the tongue a small dose of castor oil (from 
one to three ounces). Give Laxatonic in small doses. And a pint of warm water injec- 
tion should also be given with a hose and funnel per rectum. 

The oil and injection may be repeated once daily until the desired results are 
obtained. 

See Prescription No. 15, page 145. 

CALVING. 

The required time of gestation, or the period in which a cow carries her calf, 
is nine months, at which time special attention should be given the cow. Place her in 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES 61 

a loose box-stall with plenty of bedding; give her feed of a laxative nature; the 
drinking water should have the chill taken from it, and her bowels should be kept 
in a natural condition by giving her Laxotonic. 

After the labor pains have appeared it would be well to keep watch of her, and 
if she does not deliver her calf within a reasonable length of time — say, one hour — 
it would be advisable to make an examination. Upon doing so, if the calf be in a 
natural position, the nose and front feet are the first to be felt. If such be the case, 
the attendant may assist the cow in delivering her calf by pulling on the front 
feet. Any other position would indicate an unnatural condition of calving. When 
calf is born the navel cord should be tied two inches from the body with a string 
soaked in Umbilicure; the navel cord should then be cut about four inches from the 
body, Umbilicure should be applied three times daily to the navel cord until it dries 
up and drops off. This will prevent calf from becoming infected with navel diseases. 
The calf should be allowed to remain with the cow three or four days. Important in 
connection with this article is the article on Navel Diseases in Calves. 

See Prescription No. 16, page 145. 

CLEAN— FAILURE TO. 

A cow should clean within three hours after calving. In case she fails to do 
so she should receive plenty of hot mashes, boiled oats, warm water, and given the 
Cow Cleaner. The vagina should be washed out with Antiseptic Solution and the 
cow tied up with a halter to prevent eating the afterbirth. After she has cleaned and 
i<= through discharging she may be placed with the balance of the herd and her milk 
be ready for use. (See Retention of the Afterbirth, page 48.) 

See Prescription No. 17, page 145. 

CASTING THE WITHERS— OR EXPULSION OF THE WOMB. 

This is a weakness which sometimes follows calving. The first sign is that of 
straining, and later the presence of part or the whole of the womb. In this case the 
womb should be placed upon a blanket; if the cow is lying down, which she usually 
is, wash off thoroughly with the Antiseptic Solution; after doing this the womb may 
be done up in a sheet dipped in the Antiseptic Solution and held up by an attendant, 
while the operator carefully pushes the womb back into its place. It must not only be 
placed back, but the full length of the arm must be inserted, so that it turns the 
horns of the womb back into the natural position, and, unless this is done, the cow 
will continue to strain. 

To prevent the cow from expelling it again she should be placed upon a plank 
door four feet wide and six feet long, with laths nailed across to prevent her feet 
from slipping when she stands upon it. The end of the door on which the hind parts 
are should be raised from six to eighteen inches, and she should be compelled to either 
lie down or stand up on this door until all straining ceases and she fully recovers, 
usually requiring from one to three days. During this time her bowels should be 
kept loose with Laxotonic and her appetite kept up with Cow Tonic. 

See Prescription No. 18, page 145. 

CASTRATING. 

In castrating calves or bulls the scrotum, or bag, should be washed with the 
Germ Killer solution. After the operation the scrotum should be well oiled with the 
Healing Oil. 

Calves should be castrated at the age of from one to three weeks. Bulls may 
be castrated at any age. 

See Prescription No. 19, page 145. 



62 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

CATARRHAL FEVER OR PINK EYE. 

Catarrhal Fever is usually known as Pink Eye, Distemper and many other dis- 
eases of a catarrhal nature. This disease involves the respiratory or breathing organs, 
the alimentary canal, or digestive organs. The head, eyes and genital organs are fre- 
quently affected. This disease usually comes on with a chill, followed by a fever. 
The head droops, the skin is hot and dry, and the coat staring, frequently very dull 
in appearance. The secretion of milk usually stops. Loss of appetite and loss of flesh 
are invariably noticed, and sometimes the eyes become blue, so that the animal may 
be hardly able to see. In other cases the cow becomes totally blind unless prompt and 
proper treatment is given. Tears may be noticed running down the face, the lids 
are swollen and inflamed; sunlight is painful to animals thus afflicted, causing them 
to close their eyes and keep them closed continuously. 

TREATMENT. 

The eyes should be washed with the Antiseptic Solution, full strength, and the 
Eye Lotion should be injected into the eyes with a small, hard rubber syringe having 
a soft rubber nozzle. The temperature should be taken, and if found to be high the 
Fever Paste should be given, and the Cow Tonic should be given during the entire 
treatment. The stable in which the animal is kept should be thoroughly disinfected 
with Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 20, page 145. 

CHOKING. 

This means the lodgment of a foreign obstacle in the swallowing tube or gullet. 
It is known by slobbering, distressed breathing and an accumulation of gas, which 
may be noticed in the left side or paunch. 

TREATMENT. 

Stand the cow with her head down hill, pressing the head downward as much as 
possible, while the attendant squeezes as much saliva out of the gullet as possible. 
Then allow her to raise her head and give her half a dose of oil (half pint), giving 
but one swallow at a time. If she is not relieved in from ten to thirty minutes, a one- 
inch rubber hose five or six feet long may be passed gently down the gullet. This will 
force the obstacle into the stomach, at the same time allowing the gas to escape. On 
account of the extensive stretching of the bowels due to the collection of gas, the Laxo- 
tonic should be given to overcome paralysis of the bowels, which usually follows. 

See Prescription No. 21, page 145. 

COLD. 

A cow may take cold at any time, and it is apt to affect any part of the body, 
but it usually affects the head, throat or lungs. 

TREATMENT. 

If it affects the threoat or lungs apply White Liniment to the throat or lungs, 
or both, and give the Fever Paste. Keep the bowels open with Laxotonic. 

See Prescription No. 22, page 145. 

COLIC OR CRAMP. 

This is usually brought on' by drinking cold water or eating indigestible food. 
The animal will be noticed to be uneasy, getting up and lying down frequently, and 
showing pain. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a dose of Laxotonic. 

See Prescription No. 23, page 145. 



SYMPTOMS ANp TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 63 

* CONSTIPATION OR STOPPAGE OF THE BOWELS 

IN CATTLE. 

This is one of the most common ailments that cattle are subject to; at the same 
time more cattle die from this cause than any other, for the simple reason that con- 
stipation is due to paralysis of the bowels. 

Constipation is to be regarded as the sign of another disease, rather than a dis- 
ease of itself. It occurs in almost all general fevers. 

In order to overcome constipation the treatment must be applied to overcome the 
ailment which causes it. Seventy-five per cent, of the cases of constipation are due 
to partial paralysis of the bowels. In this case the bowels require a laxative and 
tonic, and not a physic, for if the bowels are paralyzed a physic will have a tendency 
to cause irritation, congestion and inflammation. For this reason it is dangerous to 
give a cow salts or oil. 

TREATMENT. 

A cow thus afflicted should be given plenty of drinking water with the chill 
taken from it, bran mashes made from flaxseed tea, and give Laxotonic according 
to directions. Also inject several quarts of warm water once or twice daily per 
rectum by the use of a hose or funnel, and give the animal a reasonable amount of 
exercise. 

See Prescription No. 24, page 145. 

COW-POX. 

This is a disease communicable from one cow to another. This disease is ushered 
in by a slight fever, which, however, is usually overlooked, and the first sign is tender- 
ness of the teats. On examination they will be found to be redder and hotter than 
normal, and at the end of two or three days there appear knobs like little peas, pale 
red in color, and they gradually grow larger, so that at the end of a week they may 
be an inch in diameter. The yield of milk is diminshed. From the seventh to the 
tenth day the eruptions form into blisters with depressions in the center and raised 
margins. The blister is, however, divided into several pockets, and in order to allow 
all the contents to escape each pocket has to be opened separately. If the pocket forms 
on the surface, where there is a thick coat of hair, it does not form a blister, but 
oozes out through the skin in amber or straw-colored masses. In a few days after 
this collection forms it turns yellow and the scab dries up and falls off and leaves a 
distinct pit in the skin. The animal suffers intense agony while being milked, as the 
scabs are cracked and broken by the hands of the milker. 

TREATMENT. 

In severe case give Cow Tonic internally. Badger Balm should be applied to 
all affected parts of teats and udder, after washing same with a solution of Germ 
Killer. 

See Prescription No. 25, page 146. 

DEHORNING. 

As dehorning cattle is rather a cruel but necessary operation, it is advisable 
to prevent the horns from growing rather than removing them after they have once 
grown. 

To prevent the horns from growing on calves it is necessary to apply a dehorning 
remedy when the calves are from one to ten days old. 

The operation is performed as follows: The little animal is caught and gently 
laid over on its side, in which position it is easily held by one assistant, while the 
operator clips the hair off of the little knobs where the horns appear. He then applies 



G4 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

the remedy thoroughly to a spot not to exceed the size of a quarter of a dollar. 
The calf is then turned over and the other side treated in a like manner. 

If this treatment is propely applied, no horns will ever make their appearance. 
All cattle should be dehorned, chiefly to protect them from each other. If unfortunately 
an animal has not been dehorned while still a calf, the dehorning clipper may be 
resorted to. This operation is performed by placing the animal in a stanchion and 
fastening the head tightly, then applying the dehorning shears, pretty well down onto 
the head so as to be sure and remove enough of the horn to prevent any further 
growth. With one sweep of the dehorning shears the horn should be removed. Apply 
a little healing Oil after the operation to prevent any bad results from following. 
Cool weather should be selected fcr this operation. 

See Prescription No. 26, page 146. 

DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE. 

Diarrhoea in cattle is an indication of indigestion. It comes on at all seasons 
of the year, but it is more liable to come on during the grass season, and is more 
prevalent during the wet season rather than the dry, on account of the heavy growth 
of grass, this being hard to digest. 

TREATMENT. 

The animal should receive a little ground feed two or three times daily, in which 
should be given moderate doses of Cow Tonic. The drinking water should be 
clear and pure, and given warm and sparingly. In bad cases give Calf Cholera Remedy. 

See Prescription No. 27, page 146. 

EYE DISEASE. 

Sore eyes may be brought on from many different causes. It may be due to 
injuries or to a catarrhal infection. When due to the latter, the whole herd may 
be thus afflicted and oftentimes are. 

TREATMENT. 

A sore eye due to an injury should be bathed three times daily with a quart 
of Antiseptic Solution, full strength, and followed with Eye Lotion injected after each 
bath. This same treatment should be used when sore eyes are due to a catarrhal infec- 
tion or Pink Eye. And in addition to this treatment the cattle should have free access 
to a liberal amount of salt, in which should lie mi^eri ^ vi nr 

ii both eyes of the animal be affected and it be difficult for them to see, it is 
advisable to keep them in a dark stable during the day and let them graze at night, 
on account of the strong sunlight being painful to the eyes. 

See Prescription No. 28, page 146. 

FEVERS. 

In order to detect as to whether an animal has a fever or not, it is always advis- 
able to use a Fever Thermometer, and if the temperature be higher than normal 
it indicates a fever. It may be due to many causes, such as inflammation of the 
lungs, inflammation of the throat, inflammation of the udder, etc., etc. However, the 
fever should be controlled and reduced by giving the Fever Paste according to 
directions and the bowels should be kept loose with the Laxotonic (per mouth) and 
injections (per rectum) of from two to four quarts of warm water once or twice daily; 
also apply the White Liniment to the inflamed parts, such as the throat or lungs, 
or both. 

Every stock raiser should own a Veterinary Thermometer, oftentimes saving him 
considerable expense. 

See Prescription No. 29, page 146. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREAT MEN'jl OF CATTLE DISEASES. Co 

FISTULAS. 

A fistula is a pus cavity, containing matter, and is commonly knowr as 3. running 
sore. It may appear jn any part of the body, limbs, or feet. 

TREATMENT. 
Open the parts so as to allow all the matter to flow freely; wash out the cavity 
once daily with a solution of Germ Killer, and follow by injecting a quantity of 
Healing Oil and Healing Lotion, alternately, according to directions and according 
io the size of the cavity. Give Cow Tonic internally according to directions to 
tone up the system. 

Sep Prrs-riptiov No. 30, page 146. 

FOOT DISEASE OR SORE FEET IN CATTLE. 

Sore feet in cattle may be due to several causes, but the one kind which the ordi- 
nary dairyman or breeder has to contend with are sore feet, due to either standing on 
cement floors or running in wet, boggy pastures. The feet usually crack berween the 
claws, swell and become inflamed. In either case the treatment is the same, and con- 
sists in washing the sore or inflamed feet with a solution of the Germ Killer (one ounce 
to a gallon of water), and applying both Healing Lotion and Healing Oil, alternately, 
to all open sores or inflamed parts. (See remedy list in back part of book.) If a 
growth of proud flesh appears between the hoofs or on any part of the limb, it should be 
overcome by frequent use of the Healing Lotion, and the inflamed or sore feet should be 
placed in antise'ptic poultices, once daily, until all inflammation and lameness have been 
overcome. Use a Poultice Boot. 

HOW TO MAKE A POULTICE BOOT. 

Take a round piece of sole leather six or seven inches in diameter and as thick as 
you wish it; then stitch a heavy canvas to the edges of this sole leather and have it run 
up about twelve inches. 

HOW TO APPLY THE POULTICE. 

Put enough Antiseptic Poultice into the boot to cover the foot nicely, then fasten 
the canvas or boot on by the use of strap instead of strings, as strings cut in too much. 

The Cow Tonic should be given as directed to tone up the system. 

See Prescription No. 31, page 146. 

FOUNDER. 

Founder is not of frequent occurrence in cattle, but it does occur to overfed or 
show cattle. It resembles a stiffness, but upon feeling of the hoofs they will be noticed 
to be hotter than usual ; lying down considerably is another symptom. 

TREATMENT. 

If this be noticed in the early state it is advisable to bleed the animal by drawing 
from four to six quarts of blood, according to the size of the animal. The bowels 
should be loosened up with Laxotonic (per mouth), and warm water injections (per 
rectum), and the Fever Paste given to reduce the fever. The feet should be poulticed 
with Antiseptic Poultice, which should be changed once daily. (Use the Poultice Boot 
for applying poultice.) The animal should be fed sparingly with food of a laxative 
nature. Exercise should be given as soon as the animal is able to take it. 

See Prescription No. 32, page 146. 

FROST BITES. 

This should never occur, but sometimes it is unavoidable, and the treatment is to 
wash the parts thoroughly with a solution of Germ Killer and apply the Badger. Balm 
to the frozen parts. 

See Prescription Xn. 33, page 146. 



66 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



GARGET— CAKED UDDER OR INFECTIOUS MAMMITIS. 

Garget or caked udder is a very common but annoying disease, and is due to 
many causes, the most common being a condition of the blood, and for this reason Cow 

Tonic (see page 146) should be given freely 
according to directions. The udder should 
be rubbed twice daily with an application 
of Badger Balm or White Liniment, thor- 
oughly rubbed in. In severe cases apply an 
Antiseptic Poultice by placing a band around 
the cow's body and udder. Keep the animal 
well bedded to prevent the udder coming in 
contact with any dampness. Keep the bowels 
open by giving warm water injections (per 
rectum). If the caked jdder takes on an in- 
fectious form, then the milkers should wash 
their hands in a solution of Germ Killer after 
milking each cow, as this will prevent the 
spread of the disease. Stables should be dis- 
infected with a good germ destroyer, such as 
Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 34, page 146. 




How to Bandage Cow Suffering 
from Caked Udder. 



GENITAL DISEASE. 

As the genital organ diseases are usually due to retention of the afterbirth, this 
subject is fully described and the treatment fully given under subject of Afterbirth 
Retained in foregoing pages. 

See Prescription No. 35, page 146. 

GESTATION PERIOD. 

As it is pretty well known by most people that the gestation period of a cow is 
nine months, or 280 to 285 days, it will be needless for much to be said on this subject, 
as gestation table may be seen on page 22. (A calf born on the 210th day may live; 
also 336th.) A cow failing to carry her calf to the period of 280 days may be consid- 
ered an abortion, and this subject is thoroughly described under heading Abortion. 

GONORRHOEA IN BULLS. 

Gonorrhoea is in infectious catarrhal discharge of the genital organs. It is brought 
on by coming in contact with living germs, such as serving a cow afflicted with infec- 
tious abortion, or one that has retained the afterbirth, and comes in heat while she is 
still discharging. 

TREATMENT. 

All herd bulls should have the sheath washed out after each service with a solu- 
tion of Antisepto to prevent becoming affected and contracting gonorrhoea. It is due 
to this disease that infectious abortion is spread. 

See Prescription No. 36, page 146. 

GRASS STAGGERS. 

Grass Staggers is a disease brought on by overloading the stomach with grass. As 
soon as the stomach becomes overloaded, indigestion sets in, which interferes with the 
brain, causing the animal to walk with an unnatural and unsteady gait, urually walking 
in a circle, and oftentimes staggering and falling. If they do so and they are filled 
with gas they should be tapped with a cattle trocar to prevent death from smothering. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 67 

If they are noticed in time, or before they go down, a dose of Laxatonic should be given 
according to directions until they recover. A gag may be placed in her mouth. 
See Prescription No. 37, page 146. 

GRUBS OR WARBLES IN SKIN OF CATTLE. 

Grubs or Warbles in the skin of cattle are caused by a fly which deposits its egg 
during the summer months in or on the skin cf the animal and the egg is retained in 
the winter months in a little round sack beneath the skin, having a small opening 
through which the larva escapes in the early part of the following summer and develops 
into a fly. TREATMENT. 

To overcome and prevent the development or hatching of this fly the grub which is 
found beneath the skin of the animal along the back and is known by a swelling about 
the size of a boil, should be opened by squeezing, then inject a little Healing Oil a 
few times by the use of a small oil-can. The time to do this is during the early part 
of spring. 

See Prescription No. 38, page 146. 

HARD MILKERS. 

This is due to an unnatural condition of the sphincter muscles at the end of the 
teat, and often what might be a valuable cow, on this account, considered a valueless 
animal, or one of much less value than a nice easy milker would be. 

TREATMENT. 

Wash the ends of the teats thoroughly with Germ Killer solution (one ounce to a 
gallon of water) and dip the Teat Plug into a clean solution of the same strength and 
insert it into a little Badger Balm and introduce it into the teat clear to the shoulder, 
so as to pass the enlargement of the teat plug into the teat far enough to admit the bulb 
which stretches the contracted muscles and retains the plug. The teat plugs should be 
allowed to remain in the teats from one milking to another until milking is made easy, 
requiring from three to six days. Do not use the milking tube instead of teat plug, as 
it will admit the air and is liable to cause infection. 

See Prescription No. 39, page 146. Also Hard Milking Outfit Page 181. 

INDIGESTION. 

It is pretty well understood by most stock owners that indigestion may be due to 
many causes, such as cold water, musty, bulky, fibrous food and irregular feeding. This 
can be overcome by giving Cow Tonic according to directions, and the bowels should 
be kept open by giving Laxotonic internally and warm water injections (per rectum). 

See Prescription No. 40, page 146. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 

Inflammation of the lungs may be known by the presence, of hard breathing. The 
animal stops as though exhausted and extends the neck and head ; dilates the nostrils 
and turns the limbs or elbows out on either side of the body, while at the same time it 
will appear to be very much distressed. The breathing may be rapid and short. The 
temperature should be taken and is usually found high. 

TREATMENT. 

Give the Fever Paste according to directions and apply the White Liniment to 
both sides of the chest. Give warm water injections (per rectum) twice daily, and 
the bowels may be kept open by giving Laxotonic according to directions. In severe 
cases apply the Antiseptic Poultice to the chest (both sides) and to the throat if need 
be. Give bran mashes made of linseed tea. 

See Prescription No. 41, page 146. 



68 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. 

Inflammation of the womb is a very serious and obstinate disease. 

The treatment is to give Fever Paste according to directions and warm water in- 
jections of Antisepto solution per vagina three times daily; introduce a half pound of 
lard after each injection. The bowels should be kept open by giving Laxotonic accord- 
ing to directions. 

See Prescription No. 42, page 146. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE UDDER. 

Give Cow Tonic according to directions and wash the udder with a warm solution 
of Germ Killer twice daily, and apply Badger Balm or White Liniment well rubbed 
in; then apply Antiseptic Poultice. Keep the animal well bedded to protect the udder 
from coming in contact with any dampness. (See picture "How to Bandage a Cow.") 

See Prescription No. 43, page 146. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE TESTICLES. 

This may be due to an infection or an injury. In either case the testicles should 
be washed with a warm solution of Germ Killer and then thoroughly anointed with 
Badger Balm; then apply Antiseptic Poultice. The animal should receive Cow Tonic 
according to directions to purify the blood and tone up the system. The animal should 
not be used for breeding purposes during the treatment. 

See Prescription No. 44, page 146. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE TONGUE. 

This will be known by a swelling of the tongue, slobbering from the mouth, and 

inability to swallow naturally. „ 

TREATMENT. 

Fever Paste in small and repeated doses should be given. Give bran mashes made 

from linseed tea and apply Antiseptic Poultice to the throat. 

See Prescription No. 45, page 146. 

INFLAMMATION OF THE JOINTS. 

This is very common in all joints, but is more so in the joints of the feet, and 
the treatment is to wash the affected joints with a solution of Germ Killer; thoroughly 
rub in Badger Balm and apply Antiseptic Poultice once daily. 

See Prescription No. 46, page 146. 

ITCH. 

Itch is a disease of the skin and may be due to parasite or other causes. The 
treatment is to wash the parts thoroughly with a solution of Germ Killer (one ounce to 
a gallon of water), and apply Skin Ointment according to directions, thoroughly rubbed 
in. The animal should receive Cow Tonic according to directions to purify the blood 
and tone up the system. 

See Prescription No. 47, page 146. 

LEUCORRHOEA OR WHITES. 

Leucorrhcea or whites in cows is a catarrhal disease of the genital organs and is 
usually brought on by infectious abortion or retention of the afterbirth. They will be 
noticed to have a white or dirty discharge from the vulva, usually of an infectious 
nature. TREATMENT. 

The animal should receive Cow Tonic internally and the vagina should be washed 
out with a solution of Antisepto until all discharges cease. 

See Prescription No. 48, page 147. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 69 

LUNG FEVER. 

(See Inflammation of the Lungs, page 67.) 
See Prescription No. 41, page 147. 

LUMP JAW, OR ACTINOMYCOSIS. 

The first appearance of Lump Jaw is either an enlargement of the jaw bone or an 
enlargement of the glands of the throat, which are just back of the angle of the jaw 
and at first they may be loose from the jaw, but later on become adhered. 

These swellings on the jaw or of the glands when broken will discharge a yellowish 
sticky pus which sometimes contains hard yellow granules or fragments of bone. As 
a result of the swelling the teeth may be pushed out of their natural position and conse- 
quently an animal cannot masticate its food properly and will soon run down in flesh, 
and the decaying of the bone oftentimes results in the destruction of the tooth sockets 
and the teeth will often fall out. 

Every swelling on the jaws of cattle should be regarded as possibly Lumpy Jaw, if 
the definite cause for it is not known. The swellings are sometimes noticed to remain 
for some time of the same size, but sooner or later the inflammation will cause the 
swellings to increase. 

This disease is due to a germ and when pus discharges from any of these enlarge- 
ments falls on the grass or feed of any other stock, other animals are liable to contract 
the disease. In this manner a whole herd may be ruined if the treatment is neglected. 

TREATMENT. 

When there is no external opening apply Absorbent until the enlargements are all 
absorbed or an opening produced. 

When there is an external opening on the surface of the swelling Absorbent should 
be injected into the cavity, or a small strip of white cloth may be dipped into the 
Absorbent and stuffed into the cavity, leaving only the end of it hanging out. 

Due to the run-down condition of the animal, on account of the inability to masti- 
cate the food, the Cow Tonic should be given to aid digestion, increase the appetite 
and hasten recovery. 

In extremely bad and stubborn cases a drachm of Iodide of Potash may be given 
in the drinking water twice daily, but never drench them. 

See Prescription No. 49, page 147. 

MAMMITIS. 

(See article on Garget or Caked Uudder, page 66.) 
See Prescription No. 34, page 146. 

MILK BLUE. 

Blue milk is due to an impoverished condition of the blood, and the treatment con- 
sists of giving plenty of nutritious food, to which should be added the Cow Tonic. 
See Prescription No. 50, page 147. 

MILK FEVER, OR PARTURIENT PARESIS. 

The stall which a cow with milk fever occupies should be well drained and plenty 
of bedding placed under cow. Unless the cow is standing, place her on her broadside 
and wash off her udder and teats with a solution of Germ Killer (one ounce to one 
gallon of warm water). Dissolve one tablespoonful of Milk Fever Remedy in two 
quarts of warm water which has been boiled and cooled to blood heat; then inject 
this amount (one pint, or one-fourth of this solution) in each of the four teats by 
the use of the Milk Fever Injector, which must be thoroughly washed in a solution 



70 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

of Germ Killer to prevent infection of the teats or udder. After injecting one pint 
of the solution into each teat, place the lips to the injector and inflate the udder as 
much as possible by blowing with all the force possible into it until the udder is fully 
distended; then tie a small piece of tape around the point of the teats to keep the air 
from escaping. Remove the tape as soon as the cow gets up on her feet. After the 
udder has been thus treated, raise the cow upon her shoulder and prop her up by the 
means of bales of hay or bags of grain. Never allow her to lie flat on her side, except 
while washing and treating the udder. Give her a teaspoonful of Laxotonic, dry on 
the tongue (never drench a cow), every three hours until the cow is up and the bowels 
move naturally; then continue with the Laxotonic every six hours until the contents of 




Overcoming a Case of Milk Fever. 

one box has been given her, following the Laxotonic with the Cow Tonic to bring her 
back to her natural flow of milk. Keep a blanket on her until she recovers. 

The air should be stripped out of the teats a few hours after she is up, and she 
may be milked a little twice daily until she gives a natural flow of milk, at which 
time she should be milked thoroughly dry at each milking. The feed should be of a 
laxative and nutritious nature, the chill taken from the drinking water for several days 
and a reasonable amount of exercise should be given her. 

See Prescription No. 51, page 147. 

MILK BLOODY OR STRINGY. 

Bloody or stringy milk are both due to a derangement of the system, and the 
treatment consists of giving Cow Tonic as directed, which will alter the condition of 
the blood to such an extent as to overcome this ailment. Give good, clean, nutritious 
feed — mashes made of flaxseed tea. 

See Prescription No. 52, page 147. 

NAVEL DISEASE OF CALVES. 

Navel Disease in calves is a germ disease that affects the navel cord, and takes 
place oftentimes at birth, due to the parts becoming infected by germs which not only 
cause the navel to become sore and inflamed, but they enter the body at this point and 
cause a swelling of the joints; this results in lameness and a gathering of matter or pus, 
at the same time causing a lack of ambition, dull, sickly appearance, indigestioq and 
scours, and unless proper treatment is promptly given the disease will cause a sloughing 
of the joints or death by scours. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



71 



TREATMENT FOR NAVEL DISEASES OF CALVES. 

It is better to prevent this disease than to treat it after it has appeared. This can 
be done by thoroughly disinfecting the stall in which the cow calves, and when the 
calf is born the navel cord should be tied with a string dipped in Umbilicure, and 
Umbilicure should be applied to navel cord until it dries up and drops off and the 
wound heals. 

See Prescription No. 53, page 147. 




Navel or Umbilical Cord. 

PARALYSIS OF THE BOWELS. 

Paralysis of the bowels in cattle is a very common but seldom recognized ailment, 
even by the most skilled persons, and is the result of an overloaded and overworked con- 
dition of the bowels, and in nine times out of ten it is mistaken for constipation, for 
the reason that it appears very much like constipation and is difficult for any one but a 
skilled hand to recognize the difference until it comes to the treatment, which is entirely 
different. For instance, "A remedy that will overcome constipation will not overcome 
paralysis, but a remedy that will overcome paralysis will overcome constipation." 

As 75 per cent, of the cases of stoppage of the bowels is due to paralysis and only 
25 per cent, due to constipation, it would be advisable for all stock owners to be on the 
lookout for paralysis when stoppage of the bowels is met with. 

If a cow afflicted with paralysis of the bowels be given a physic it will have a 

tendency not only to irritate the bowels, which are unable to throw off the already 

poisonous, irritating contents, but will oftentimes produce inflammation of the bowels 

and death will soon follow. While, on the other hand, if a cow be afflicted with 

paralysis of the bowels and she be given a laxative and tonic which loosens the bowels 

by toning them without any irritation whatever, the results will be favorable; and in 

case it should be constipation without paralysis the bowels will be loosened by being 

toned just the same. — — — . ._..—_...«. 

TREATMENT. 

In all forms of stoppage of the boewls in cattle, whether due to constipation of 
paralysis, give Laxotonic according to directions, at the same time give from two to 
four quarts of luke-warm water per rectum once or twice daily to empty the small 
intestines. 

Give the animal bran mashes made of linseed tea, feed sparingly, remove the chill 
from the drinking water and give moderate exercise when able to take same. 

See Prescription No. 54, page 147. 



72 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

PARALYSIS OF THE HIND PARTS. 

This is a disease of the nerves which is usually present and follows milk fever, 
but does sometimes occur independent of anything else, and the treatment consists in 
giving Laxotonic, both to keep the bowels open and to overcome the paralysis. The 
animal should be given warm water injections (per rectum) ; should be turned several 
times daily from side to side. Apply White Liniment to the spine. Give nourishing 
and laxative food and plenty of water. The urine should be drawn if she is unable 
to pass it. 

See Prescription No. 55, page 147. 

PINK EYE. 

(See Catarrhal Fever, page 62.) 
See Prescription No. 20, page 147. 

RED WATER IN CATTLE. 

This is a common affection among cattle in certain localities, and is more common 
in Europe than anywhere else. It may be caused by injuries of the back; eating irri- 
tating plants; being exposed to low, damp districts, etc. But the most common form 
or red water usually infects the whole herd. This is the form that most breeders have 
to contend with. The symptoms are bloody urine, associated with a high fever, usually, 
and a milking cow may be troubled with a frothy condition of the milk, this having a 

reddish tinge. _,»-. . ^«»„» T ^, 

6 TREATMENT. 

Rid the bowels of the irritating contents, and by so doing relieving the kidneys, 
which are always overtaxed. It is their overtaxed condition which produces the hemor- 
rhage, and the result is red urine or red water. To relieve the kidneys of their irri- 
tated and overtaxed condition, the Kidney Aid should be given. The bowels should 
be emptied by giving two to four quarts of warm water (per rectum). A complete 
change of feed is necessary; this should be of a nutritious and laxative nature; giving 
plenty of bran mashes, made from linseed tea and allowing the animals to drink all the 
linseed or slippery elm tea that they want. 

See Prescription Nc. 56, page 147. 

RHEUMATISM. 

Rheumatism is a disease due to an acid in the blood, and usually affects either the 
muscles or joints, or both. 

The treatment consists in giving Cow Tonic as directed and applying White Lin- 
iment to affected parts. The feed should be nutritious and of a laxative nature. In 
bad cases, poultice joints with Antiseptic Poultice. 

See Prescription No. 57, page 147. 

RINGING BULLS. 

The animal should be placed in a stanchion, a rope placed around the neck or 
horns and a loop around the nose ; then fasten the rope to one side or the other so as 
to keep him from swinging his head from side to side. The operator then takes the 
cattle trocar and passes it directly through the partition between the nostrils. The bull 
ring should be dipped in Healing Oil, then passed through the opening and joined 
in the usual manner. 

See Prescription No. 58, page 147. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 73 

RINGWORM. 

Ringworm is due to a parasite which affects the skin only. It has the appearance 
of a gray, crusty condition of the skin, which soon destroys the hair follicles and the 
hair falls out, leaving the skin in a dirty and scabby condition. 

TREATMENT. 
Give Cow Tonic internally, and wash off the affected parts with the Germ Killer 
solution and apply Skin Ointment, thoroughly rubbing it in. 
See Prescription No. 59, page 147. 

SCOURS IN CALVES. 

(See Calf Cholera, page 58.) 
See Prescription No. 13, page 147. 

SKIN DISEASE. 

There are several forms of skin disease, such as itch, ringworm, mange, eczema, 
etc., etc., and it is hard for an inexperienced person to distinguish one from another. 

The treatment consists in giving Cow Tonic internally; washing all the affected 
parts with a warm solution of Germ Killer (one ounce to a gallon of water), and 
applying the Skin Ointment, thoroughly rubbed in. Continue this until the skin heals 
and all signs of itching or irritation have passed away. 

See Prescription No. 60, page 147. 

SLOBBERING. 

Slobbering is not a disease, but an ailment which is due to several causes, such 

as an inflamed condition of the tongue, ragged edges of the teeth, or an overloaded 

stomach. —•»..» .___._.... . 

TREATMENT. 

If due to ragged edges of teeth, they should be filled. If due to swollen condition 

of the tongue, give Fever Paste. If due to an overloaded stomach, give Laxotonic. 

See Prescription No. 61, page 147. 

SORE MOUTH. 

This may be due to several causes, such as sharp teeth, inflammation of the tongue. 

TREATMENT. 
Dress the teeth and wash out the mouth thoroughly with a solution of Antisepto, 
and give small and often repeated doses of Fever Paste. 
See Prescription No. 62, page 147. 

SORE THROAT. 

May be due to taking cold or infection, such as catarrhal fever. 

TREATMENT. 

Give fever Paste internally and apply the White Liniment to the throat externally 
from ear to ear. The bowels should be kept open with Laxotonic and warm water 
injections (per rectum) and soft and nutritious feed. Apply Antiseptic Poultice to 
throat if needed. 

See Prescription No. 63, page 147. 

SPRAINS. 

Sprains are brought on by violent injuries and usually affect the tendons, joints 
and muscles. The treatment is to wash the parts off thoroughly with a warm solution 
of Germ Killer (one ounce to a gallon of water) and apply the Antiseptic Poultice, 



74 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

continuing this until all fever and swelling have disappeared. If the lameness remains, 
the parts should be blistered with Lucky Four Blister, applied according to directions. 
See Prescription No. 64, page 147. 

SUNSTROKE OR OVERHEATED. 

This is usually brought on by over-exertion, such as too fast driving, etc., etc. 
The treatment consists in sponging the animal with cold water. Keep in the shade 
ivhere the air is fresh and pure. Give Fever Paste and 4 ounces of whisky every 
3 hours to reduce the temperature, and small sips of water at short intervals. Give 
linseed tea to drink, if animal will drink. Do not drench. 

See Prescription No. 65, page 147. 

SUPPRESSION OF MILK. 

This is not a disease, but a condition which exists more often in cold weather than 
in warm weather, and is often due to some derangement of the system. The treatment 
consists in giving Cow Tonic according to directions until the natural flow of milk 
is brought back. 

See Prescription No. 66, page 147. 

SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 

All surgical operations should be performed in a careful and cleanly manner. 
Knives and instruments should be thoroughly cleansed and dipped into a strong solu- 
tion of Germ Killer, and the seat of the operation should be thoroughly washed with 
the same solution. Then apply Healing Oil to the hands, instruments and the parts 
to be operated upon, and the results will always be favorable. 

See Prescription No. 67, page 147. 

TEAT STOPPAGE OR STRICTURE. 

This is a very common, annoying and complicated ailment. There are two forms 
of stricture or stoppage ; one at the point of the teat, and one at the basis of the teat. 
In either case the treatment is to wash the teats off thoroughly with a solution of 
Germ Killer. Teat Plug (see illustration, page 182) should also be washed in the 
same solution. If the stoppage be at the point of the teat, dip the point of a Teat 
Plug into the Badger Balm and pass it into the teat far enough to cause the little 
bulb to enter the teat. When this is done the plug will be retained and should be 
allowed to remain from one milking to another. The treatment continued until milking 
becomes perfectly natural and easy. 

If the stricture be higher or at the base of the teat, a Teat Expander (see illus- 
tration) must be passed up through the stricture. After it is in position, the center 
part of the expander must be pressed upon. This will spread the upper part of the 
expander sufficiently to expand the stricture. However, this instrument should not be 
allowed to remain more than from one-half an hour or an hour at a treatment. A 
Teat-Bistoury may be used in the same manner. Badger Balm should be applied to 
the instrument before inserting. The hands of the operator and whole udder of the 
cow should be thoroughly washed before the operation is begun. Cleanliness must be 
given strict attention in these cases or the results will not be favorable. 

See Prescription No. 68, page 147. 

TEAT SORE. 

This common form of sore teats may be treated by applying Badger Balm. This 
should be done after milking, leaving the teats in a nice, clean condition so as to heal 
between milkings. 

See prescription No. 69, page 148. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 75 

TEAT WARTS. 

Teat Warts are small appendix which may adhere to the teats in a small or great 
number. Treatment consists in touching the little warts with Wartine, according to 
directions. 

See Prescription No. 70, page 148. 

TUBERCULOSIS 

Tuberculosis or Consumption in cattle is an infectious and communicable disease 
known by the formation in the glands and other parts of the body of small bunches 
called tubercles. It is from these tubercles that the disease receives its name, Tuber- 
culosis. The germs of tuberculosis enter the body by way of the nostrils in the air 
breathed, or by way of the mouth or digestive tract in feed, also through the genital 
organs by conception. As soon as the germs enter the body they begin to multiply, 
slowly but surely, until the entire body of the animal becomes affected; such animals 
spread the disease to other animals stabled with them and calves or pigs consuming 
milk from a tuberculous cow are liable to become affected as are human beings. 

All germ diseases, and especially tuberculosis, are more liable to affect animals 
that are in a run-down condition, such as cows afflicted with infectious abortion or 
retained afterbirth, than those that are in a strong, healthy condition, for the reason 
that the animal that lacks vitality acts as a hot-bed for the germs of diseases to propa- 
gate or multiply, while the healthy, strong, vigorous animal may ward off the disease 
to some extent. 

HOW TO PREVENT TUBERCULOSIS. 

Tuberculosis being largely a house or stable disease due to artificial life, such as 
being housed or stabled, every possible precaution must be taken to prevent disease. 
One tuberculosis cow in a close, foul, hot, badly ventilated stable will infect all other 
cattle in the barn. Even in the best of barns where the presence of any weakening 
disease, such as infectious abortion, contagious mammitis, dysentery, retained afterbirth 
exists, there is danger of these diseases inviting the entrance and spread of tuberculosis 
and destruction of the herd. To prevent and guard against such disease, it is necessary 
to maintain absolute cleanliness. 

THOROUGHLY DISINFECT ALL STABLES. 
Allow plenty of sunlight, perfect ventilation to remove foul gases, and allow fresh 
air to enter. Stamp out contagious abortion and such other debilitating diseases as 
above mentioned. 

DETECTING THE PRESENCE OF TUBERCULOSIS. 

By means of the tuberculin test it' is an easy matter to quickly and surely tell 
whether tuberculosis is present in a herd. It is a reliable method of detecting tuber- 
culosis, even in its early stages. All herds should be tuberculin tested. Every animal 
in every herd of cattle should be tested, as tuberculosis affects a herd to such an 
extent as to render it unprofitable, although it may be the picture of health. 

The owner can easily and safely apply the test himself after receiving proper 
instructions, instruments and a reliable tuberculin, which is a very important part of 
the test. The test should be applied to a herd, and if any diseased animals are found, 
they should be removed. The balance of the herd should be tested again in three 
months. Repeat the test every three months, removing after each test all infected cattle 
until all tuberculous animals are wiped out of the herd. The remainder of the herd 
should then be tested every six months, or at least once a year to be on the safe side, 



76 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

f 

At the same time, all cattle affected with contagious abortion or other diseases should 
be treated until perfectly well, as they are in condition to attract tuberculosis. 

In conducting the tuberculin test each animal in the herd should be marked by a 
number tag; the number on the tag should correspond with the number on the tuber- 
culin chart or certificate, showing a record of the test of each animal in the herd. 

The tuberculin certificate referred to will protect the reputation of the owner and 
insure the acceptance of the cattle he has for sale and also the product of his dairy, 
which will command the highest market price, and the extra profits will return many 
times the cost of testing. Test each new animal before it is allowed to mix with 
the herd. 

STATE DOES NOT MAKE TEST UNLESS TUBERCULOSIS EXISTS. 

Test your herd without waiting for the state to do it. The state officials only test 
a herd when tuberculosis is known to be present, when someone has complained that 
the cattle are diseased, and by that time the reputation of the herd may be ruined. 
Make the test at once on general principles for your own information and benefit, 
whether tuberculosis is, or is not known to be in your herd. If you make the test at 
once, you will save all cows that are not affected ; if you put the test off, the cows 
which you could save now will sooner or later become diseased and a loss to you. 
Learn to make the test yourself so that you may apply the test every six months, or at 
least once a year. 

Stock owners should urge their neighbors to test their cattle at least once a year 
so as to keep the community free from tuberculosis. 

See page 165 for further information. 

HOW TO APPLY THE TEST. 
Before commencing the test, each animal should be tied up in the stable for at 
least three hours. Do not test a sick animal, or one in heat or otherwise greatly 
excited, twenty-four hours before or after calving, or one just having aborted or re- 
tained her afterbirth. Avoid testing in extra hot weather. Make no sudden changes of 
food at any time of test and do not give cold water just before taking temperature. Do 
the work as gently and quietly as possible to prevent unduly exciting the cattle. 

This Thermometer is to be inserted in the rectum of the 
animal to be tested, thus:;^"" 
place clasp on tail so that thermometer cannot fall 
out and break. Leave thermometer in place for five 
minutes, remove and read figures, and then jot them 
down on record sheet or chart (included in each outfit) opposite the num- 
ber of the animal to be tested, as shown by the tag. These number tags 
are supplied free of charge with each outfit. Begin at cow No. 1 and test each 
animal in turn, taking each temperature in the same way, being careful to 
shake the mercury down below 100 before inserting the thermometer. This is 
done by holding the thermometer tightly, then giving it a quick jerk. A little 
vaseline applied to the rectum of each animal at beginning of test makes it easy to 
insert the thermometer. 

FIRST TEMPERATURES (First Day). 
Temperatures should be taken at 3 p. m., 5 p. m. and 7 p. m. 
Tuberculin should be injected after the 7 o'clock temperature. 





SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



77 



INJECTING THE TUBERCULIN. 



Fill this Hypodermic Syringe 



with Tuberculin, 
di- 



Pick up the skin of the animal, with the left hand 
rectly back of shoulder blade in this manner :^P"" 
and with a quick, short jab with the syringe insert the needle into 
the skin. Then press in piston to first notch in piston, this be- 
ing half dram — 2 C C, or one dose for a full grown animal. 
The entire herd should be watered and returned to their places. 



NEXT TEMPERATURES (Second Day). 
Temperatures should be taken 10 hours after injection of Tuberculin and following 
every two hours. These are the hours: 6 a. m., 8 a. m., 10 a. m., 12 m. and 2 p. m. 
See Prescription No. 71, for Testing Cattle for Tuberculosis, page 148. 





AUTOPSY OF TUBERCULAR COWS AT WISCONSIN STATE FAIR. 
A — Shows Healthy Lung. B — Shows Diseased Lung. 



TUMORS. 

As tumors come under the head of operations, it is needless to say that in their 
treatment absolute cleanliness, both of hands and instruments, is essential. The parts 
should be thoroughly washed with a solution of Germ Killer, and this followed with 
applications of Healing Oil. To heal the wound use alternately Healing Oil and 
Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 72, page 148. 



78 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 

TICKS. 

Cattle Ticks are small parasites which attach themselves to the skin of cattle, and 
they are frequently the means of spreading Texas Fever, which is a fatal disease unless 
the Ticks can be destroyed before the last stages of it are reached. 

TREATMENT. 

The treatment consists in washing the whole animal thoroughly with a warm 
solution of Germ Killer; then applying to all parts of the body and thoroughly 
rubbing in the Skin Ointment. All affected and exposed animals should be treated in 
this manner until all danger is past. Give Cow Tonic internally to tone up the system. 

See Prescription No. 73, page 148. 

ULCERS. 

Ulcers may be an inflamed condition of any part of the body. The treatment con- 
sists in washing the parts thoroughly with a warm solution of Germ Killer and apply- 
ing the Healing Oil to all affected parts, alternating with Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 74, page 148. 

URINE RETAINED. 

Retention of the Urine is usually brought on by any form of paralysis of the hind 
parts, such as occurs in Milk Fever. The treatment consists in passing a Catheter, 
which is a silver-plated tube about a foot in length and a quarter of an inch thick, 
into the bladder. This will allow the urine to flow freely. This instrument should be 
passed in all cases of paralysis of the hind parts, as there is usually a retention of 
the urine. 

See Prescription No. 75, page 148. 

VOMITING. 

SYMPTOMS. 

In the first place there is a loss of appetite, and the animal only takes part of its 
feed. Later on it fails to eat at all ; and finally vomits what it has eaten. In other 
cases, the animal may be in a poor condition, and perhaps has been given food spar- 
ingly, then allowed to eat an over amount. In this case it is liable to eject or vomit 
from five to ten pounds ; and will then oftentimes go on eating as though nothing 
had occurred. In either case, vomiting is due to indigestion, and the treatment con- 
sists in giving Cow Tonic to overcome indigestion, and to tone up the system; and 
the bowels, which contain a lot of undigestible material, should be toned up and 
emptied by giving Laxotonic (per mouth), and from two to four quarts of warm 
water (per rectum). The animal should be given bran mashes made from linseed 
tea. To prevent the whole herd from becoming thus afflicted, mix Stokvigor with 
salt and place in sheltered trough where the cattle can have free access to same. 

See Prescription No. 76, page 148. 

WARTS. 

Are little tumors, and often appear very suddenly and are liable to appear at any 
part of the body or limbs, angles of the mouth, corners of the eyes or tips of the ears. 
For this reason they are difficult things to remove, and great care should be taken in 
removing them. The only safe and reliable method is to apply Wartine, once daily, 
to warts of all kinds until they disappear. The large warts should be pulled out by 
the roots with the fingers or forceps; then apply the Wartine and Healing Lotion 
alternately to the wound thus made. 
See Prescription No. 77, page 148. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF CATTLE DISEASES. 



79 



WOUNDS. 

There are many different kinds of wounds, both external injuries, and by an 
improper condition of the blood. 

Wounds of every nature, both surface and deep-seated, should be washed with a 
solution of Germ Killer. 

Use both Healing Oil and Healing Lotion, alternately. Apply and inject same in 
the following deep-seated wounds, and into abscesses and fluid sacks, after they have 
been opened: capped knees; blood blisters (or bruises) ; fistulas, lump jaw abscesses, 
or abscesses of the udder; punctured or lacerated wounds, such as are often caused by 
barb-wire, tin, glass, nails or slivers; sore feet due to cracking, and formation of ulcers 
between the claws; wounds left after removing large warts. 

It is difficult and important in all deep-seated wounds to keep proud flesh from 
forming, and to cause the wounds to heal nicely without a scar. This can be done if 
the above directions are carefully and closely followed. 

GERM KILLER cleanses the wound. 
HEALING LOTION prevents proud flesh. 
HEALING OIL soothes and heals. 

Above are listed in back part of book. 

Use Healing Oil for superficial or surface wounds such as cracked or inflamed 
skin; cracked heels; bruises or irritated skin, such as is often noticed on the knees, 
ankles, hocks, and hips, from lying on cement floors ; cracked or sore teats ; sore mouth, 
both around the mouth and inside; bites of insects; poisoned or inflamed condition of 
the skin, and all superficial irritations of the skin. 







m 


Bk^i »,l 


t 

§ 


1 I 


HM^^^^^J^^ ttiJ^SU 




P:\> 






Efft - 



DEVICE FOR THROWING CATTLE. 



Healing Oil should be used freely on the instruments and hands of the operator. 
It should also be applied to the scrotum of all live stock castrated, such as calves, 
colts, lambs and pigs. 

Healing Oil is invaluable to the veterinarian, or to parties who make a. business 
of castrating stallions, bulls, boars, or rams, as it will prevent infection and blood 
poisoning in all surgical operations. 
'" See Prescription No. 78, page 148. 




Group from the Holstein-Friesian Herd of St. John's Military Academy Delafield 

Wis., from which the Roberts Treatment Completely Stamped Out 

Contagious Abortion. 




Herd of Cows Shipped to Waukesha for Treatment for Abortion 
Returned Home Cured. 




Herd Bulls of Northern Indiana Land Co. Dr. Roberts' Treatment Stamped 

Out Cr-ntagums Abortion from this Herd, consisting of 425 Head. 

See testimonial, page 86. 



SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. 81 

SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS 

of 
Dr. David Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment. 



The Most Impressive Array of Legal Evidence Ever Presented in Behalf 
of Veterinary Medicines. 



This book may reach some who are not familiar with the remarkable achieve- 
ments of Dr. David Roberts in stamping out Infectious Abortion by means of his 
Anti-Abortion Treatment. 

For this reason, we take pleasure in submitting testimony in the form of 
affidavits legally sworn to before properly constituted authorities, which any stock 
raiser must accept as absolute proof of every claim we make for this Treatment. 
This testimony is supplemented by many other signed statements from men well 
known in the cattle industry, whose reputation for truth and veracity is un- 
questioned. 

WISCONSIN EXPERIMENT STATION 

Recognizes and Endorses Dr. David Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment — Mr. 

Baird's Herd Saved from Ruin. 
State of Wisconsin, ) 
Waukesha County. ) 
To Whom It May Concern: 

S. A. Baird, being first duly sworn, on oath deposes and says, as follows: 
My herd of cows was afflicted with Infectious abortion for at least six years — 
losing a large number of calves each year — at the same time trying to get rid of the 
disease by selling the cows or heifers that aborted and buying new ones in their 
places, but the new ones would abort very soon after being brought into my herd. In 
this way the disease seemed to increase, my loss being greater each year. I used vari- 
ous remedies advertised for the cure of this disease, but they all failed to even improve 
my herd. I began to think it was an incurable diesase and was very much discour- 
aged, when I happened to think that the Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station at 
Madison might be able to give me some information in regard to the disease or a 
treatment for same. So I wrote to Professor W. A. Henry, who is president of the 
Wisconsin Agricultural Experiment Station, and was answered by Professor W. L. 
Carlyle, who was at the head of the Animal Husbandry, and who advised me to con- 
sult Dr. David Roberts of my own city in regard to my afflicted herd, which I did. 
The doctor advised me to treat my herd with his Anti-Abortion Treatment, which 
I began doing on the 19th of December, 1899, and gave them a full treatment according 
to directions with the best results. I am positive the Treatment cured my herd and it 
prevented some of my cows from aborting after they had showed symptoms, such as 
swelling of the udder and vulva. The symptoms would disappear in about ten days, 
and the cows would carry their calves full time. It has done all that Dr. Roberts 
claims for it, and I cannot speak too highly of it. It has given me both pleasure and 
profit. Signed : S A. Baird. 

Waukesha, Wis. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 20th day of November, 1903. 

Harvey J. Frame, 
[seal.] Notary Public, Wis. 

Professor A. S. Alexander, M. D., C. V. S., Veterinarian of the Wisconsin Agri- 
cultural Experiment Station, Madison, Wis., permits me to refer to him as a believer 
in the efficiency of Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment, and in giving advice by 
mail to a Wisconsin correspondent some months ago, said : "I must confess, however , 
that I cannot prescribe anything for contagious abortion that gives as good results as 



82 SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. 

those obtained from the use of Dr. David Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment, which 
to my knowledge has succeeded where thorough application of an antiseptic treatment 
advised by me had failed to stay or prevent the disease. His other remedies are also 
reliable and worthy of extended use by stockmen." Dr. David Roberts. 



YEKSA SUNBEAM HOLDS WORLD'S RECORD. 

Athens, Wis. 
Dr. David Roberts, IVaukesha, Wis. 

My Dear Doctor: — It is now just a year since you went over my logging horses. 
While they are much better than in former years before you gave them attention, it is 
to be nevertheless presumed that in a bunch of fifty there will be some that need their 
teeth dressed again and other ailments looked after. 

My Gurnseys should also have their annual tuberculin test applied, so when you 
come bring tuberculin enough to test 80 head. We might do the testing ourselves, but 
I will feel safer to have it done by a skilled hand. 

And I think you will want to see Yeksa Sunbeam after taking the world's record 
on both milk and butter fat production, 14,920 pounds of milk and 857.15 pounds of 
butter fat, equal to 1,000 pounds of butter. This is a large amount for a cow to pro- 
duce in one year; but she is not alone in the herd that has done or is doing fine 
work. The cows are all doing well and the whole herd is doing fine. 




YEKSA SUNBEAM 15439 A. G. C. C. 

Dropped April 2, 1895. Helendale Herd, Athens, Wisconsin. 
Fred Rietbrock, Proprietor, Milwaukee, Wis. 

There has not been a case of abortion since March last. Cows and heifers are 
carrying their calves full time and drop sound and healthy calves. We have used 
your Anti-Abortion Treatment, as directed, with great effect, and have also had 
splendid results with your Laxatonic, given with a spoon dry on the tongue, also 
with the Healing Oil on the horses' shoulders. 

In one word, 1 am satisfied that your veterinary remedies are excellent and are 
effective for the purposes recommended. 

Now, if a trip of 230 miles is not too far to come on such short notice, come while 
I am here, as I expect to stay till about the 28th or 29th inst. Let me know when you 
will be here. Yours truly, Fred Rietbrock. 

State of Wisconsin, ) 
Waukesha County. \ 

Dr. H. H. Smith of New Munster, Wis., being first duly sworn, on oath deposes 
and says as follows: 



SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. 83 

1 have used Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment in my practice for the past 
three years and have found it all that is claimed for it. 
I cheerfully recommend it to other veterinarians. 

Signed: Dr. H. H. Smith, 

New Munster, Wis. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 17th day of January, 1903. 

A. L. Blackstone. 

CURED TWENTY-TWO COWS. 

State of Illinois, \ 
De Kalb County. J ss ' 

I, Vandeburg, being duly sworn, on oath deposes and says as follows : — 
My herd of twenty-two cows being afflicted with Abortion in 1902, I decided to 
try Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment, which I did with results satisfactory, 
and I believe if used according to directions is a sure cure every time. 

I. Vandebttrg, 

Kingston, 111. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 2d day of January, A. D. 1904. 

J. A. McCollon, 
[seal] Notary Public, Wis. 

AN ILLINOIS ENDORSEMENT. 
State of Illinois, "I 
Johnson County, J ' 

This is to certify that I have used Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment and 
find it to be all that is claimed for it. 

I take great pleasure in recommending it to anybody whose herd is afflicted 
with Infectious Abortion. 

Signed : J. E. Arnold, 

Vienna, 111. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 31st day of August, 1903 

S. A. Van Kirk, 
[seal] Notary Public, 111. 

WILL USE NOTHING ELSE. 

Marengo, 111. 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir: The A nti- Abortion and syringe which I bought of you last 

January came all right. I did not use it on my full herd, but just on those cows 
and heifers which showed signs of aborting, about eighteen head. All excepting one 
heifer carried their calves to full time, and that one aborted the third day after I 
got the Anti-Abortion, so I am sure that your remedies did for us all we could 
expect of them, and I will not use anything else in case I am in need of such 
medicine. Respectfully yours, Jos. Berner. 

WANTS TEN MORE BOTTLES. 

Washington, Pa. 
Dr. David Roberts. 

Dear Sir : — Please send me ten more bottles of your Anti- Abortion for abor- 
tion in cows. I think it is simply a wonderful medicine. Before using your reme- 
dies my cows were badly afflicted with contagious abortion, not one in twenty that 
would not abort and afterwards would not get with calf. I began using your 
Treatment last April, and have had no trouble of any kind with them since. One 
cow in particular that showed every symptom of aborting, I used the medicine as 
directed, the symptoms left, and she carried her calf the full term. 
Please send this at your earliest convenience to Washington, Pa. 

Very truly yours, Clark T. Harsh a, 

R. D. No. 5. 



84 SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. 

HE RECOMMENDS TREATMENT. 

Minier, III. 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir : — I have used your Anti-Abortion Treatment and some of your 
other remedies and I am more than pleased with them. They will do all that you 
claim and I can recommend them to any one. 

Yours truly, Clarence Wilson. 

TREATMENT DID ALL YOU CLAIMED IT WOULD. 

Windsor, Wis. 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, I J' is. 

Dear Sir : — Your Anti-Abortion Treatment did all that you claimed for it 
for me. I know that all my cows would have aborted if I had not -used it. Four 
had aborted in one week previous to using it. I had only one abort after I com- 
menced using it, though five more showed every symptom of abortion. The 
twenty cows in my herd had their calves alive and all right. 

Yours truly, S. D. B. Mooney. 

A HERDMAN'S ENDORSEMENT. 

Oshkosh, Wis. 
Dr. Roberts Veterinary Co.. Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sirs: — We have used several of your cattle prescriptions with excellent 
results and would cheerfully recommend them to Cattlemen and Veterinarians. The 
Cow Tonic and Laxotonic have produced marvelous results in severe cases of 
indigestion, constipation and loss of appetite. Your Stokvigor, when mixed with 
ground flaxseed, makes a Stock Tonic that is an excellent conditioner for cattle, and 
we have also used it with good results for the prevention and cure of scours and 
indigestion in calves. Your Cow Cleaner should do away entirely with the dan- 
gerous practice of removing the afterbirth by hand, as it does the work surely 
and thoroughly and leaves the genital organs in a healthy condition; it is a won- 
derful remedy. Yours very truly, Albert Portz, Herdsman. 

COW CLEANER REMOVES RETAINED AFTERBIRTH. 

Wheeling, W. Va. 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir: — -I have used a number of your remedies and find them all that you 
claim for them. I have used your Cow Cleaner and find that it will remove a re- 
tained afterbirth and leave the cow in condition to breed without any trouble. I 
have also used your Laxotonic, and for constipation or stoppage of the bowels it 
is the best remedy I have ever found. 

Truly yours, M. T. Montgomery. 

STOPPED LOSS OF CALVES. 
State of Wisconsin, \ 
Waukesha County. J SS- 

J. A. Griswold, being first duly sworn, on oath deposes and says as follows : — 

My herd of 25 cows was afdicted with Infectious Abortion in 1898. After losing 

a number of calves, I began treating them with Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion 

Treatment. I gave them a full treatment with very satisfactory results. I feel 

that they were permanently cured, for I have not lost any since that time. 

The herd is in excellent condition, and I take great pleasure in recommending 
Dr. Roberts' Anti-Aeortion Treatment to any one whose herd is thus afflicted. 
I cannot speak too highly of it. 

Signed : J. A. Griswold, 

Duplainville, Wis. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 10th day of August, 1903. 

A. L. Blackstone, 
[seal] Notary Public, Wis. 



SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. S5 

VERY SATISFACTORY RESULTS. 

State of Wisconsin, "I gg 
Waukesha County. J 
Henry Clausing, being duly sworn, on oath deposes and says as follows : — 
My herd of cows was afflicted with Infectious Abortion in 1902. After losing a 
number of calves, I began treating them with Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treat- 
ment. I gave them treatment with very satisfactory results. I feel that they were 
permanently cured, for I have not lost any since that time. 

The herd is in excellent condition, and I take great pleasure in recommending 
Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment to any one whose herd is afflicted. I can- 
not speak too highly of it. 

Signed : Henry Clausing, 

Grafton, Wis. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 4th day of November, 1903. 

Charles C. Wirth, 
[seal] Notary Public, Wis. 

DISEASE WIPED OUT. 
State of Colorado, \ 
El Paso County. J 

H. Botting, being first duly sworn, on oath deposes and says as follows: — 
My herd of cows was afflicted with Infectious Abortion in 1901, and after 
having lost a number of calves, began treating them with Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abor- 
tion Treatment with the best of success. The disease was checked, and was 
entirely wiped out of my herd. I cannot speak too highly of this treatment, and 
can cheerfully recommend it to any one whose herd is thus afflicted. 

Signed : Henry Botting, 

Colorado Springs, Colo. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 26th day of October, 1903. 

James W. Coffey, 
[seal] Notary Public, Colorado. 

A BOON TO DAIRYMEN. 
Dr. David Roberts. 

It is with pleasure that I make the following statement: — 

For some time I was bothered with abo: jou in my herd. I used a number of 
different kinds of other medicines and they all failed. At last I began to use your 
Treatment, and have found it does what you warrant. It not only prevents abortion, 
but cures it. I have not had a case of abortion since I began to use your Treat- 
ment. It is a boon to dairymen and my stable will never be found without it 
hereafter. 

I will be pleased to answer any questions in regard to my experience with your 
Abortion Treatment. Signed: E. R. Frank, 

Mindoro, Wis. 
Subscribed and sworn to before me this 12th day of January, 1905. 

George S. Hewitt, 
Notary Public, La Crosse Co., Wis, 
My commission expires April 6, 1908. 

To Whom It May Concern : 

I have used Dr. David Roberts' cattle remedies with excellent success. 

For cows that do not clean properly after calving, Dr. David Roberts' Cow 
Cleaner is a sure, safe and economical remedy. 

The Laxotonic moves the bowels gently, yet effectually. 

Abortion, one of the greatest contagious diseases among dairy cattle, is under 
control by the use of Dr. Roberts' treatment'. 

I have found the remedies for cattle to do all that is claimed for them and 
have no hesitancy in recommending them to stockmen whose stock needs attention. 
Respectfully, Arthur Bennett, 

Walker-Gordon Farm, Novelty, Ohio. 



86 SWORN TESTIMONY REGARDING SUCCESS. 

WIPED OUT THE DISEASE FROM 17 HERDS. 

Experimental Station, University of Ohio. 
Dr. David Roberts' Veterinary Co. Aug. 7, 1908. 

The 17 herds that were treated with Dr. Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment, 
over whicli I had supervision, have fully recovered from the disease and in every 
way the treatment has proved to be a success. 

Yours very truly, 
(Signed) O. Erf, 

Professor of Dairying. 

LOST 1.000 CALVES IN ONE YEAR. 

De Motte, Ind. 
Replying to your letter of the 14th regarding the abortion in our cows, and as 
to the benefits derived from your treatment, will say I have watched these cows 
very carefully and notice their condition is much improved from last year. Last 
year we lost nearly 1,000 calves and some of the cows, while we have been very 
successful in saving our calves this year, and our cows are in much better condition 
than they were a year ago, and we believe that is due to Dr. David Roberts' Abor- 
tion Treatment. I have great confidence and am well assured, with Dr. David 
Roberts' Abortion Treatment (by the use of the Anti- Abortion and washing out 
the genital organs) that Abortion can be entirely cleaned out of any herd. 

Northern Indiana Land Co.. 

By B. C. D. Shook, Supt. 

Montclair, Colo. 
Dr. Roberts' Veterinary Co., Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir : — It is a pleasure for me v to inform you that abortion is eradicated 
from my herd of 65 cattle by the use of your Anti-Abortion Treatment. 

If you should meet with any persons who are in doubt as to the merits of your 
remedies, you are at liberty to refer them to me, as I think it would be a crime not 
to let those meeting with losses (as I have) know that there is relief for them 
through your remedies. 

Yours respectfully, Jonas Washburn 



WE ffAVE MANY TESTIMONIALS. 

On account of the dread many breeders have of the disease, we refrain from 
using some of our strongest letters as testimonials, as breeders dislike to have it 
known that their herd has been afflicted. 

All inquiries will be treated as strictly confidential. Treatment will be 
shipped in a concealed form on request. 

Please give express office address. 



87 

HARD MILKERS. 

By Dr. David Roberts. 
Wisconsin State Veterinarian, 1906-7-8. 

This trouble is due to an abnormal contraction of the sphincter muscles 
at the point of the teat, and oftentimes reduces the value of what might 
have otherwise been a valuable cow, as no one wishes to purchase or own 
what is termed as a hard milker, but if stock owners knew how easily this 
trouble could be overcome they would never think of disposing of a hard 
milker at a sacrifice, as is now being done by many. 

The mere fact that a cow is a hard milker does not indicate that she is 
not a good milker, but owing to the fact that she is a hard milker, she is 
oftentimes neglected at milking time by a disgusted milker, who leaves a large 
quantity of milk in her udder that should have been drawn out. 

Stockmen who know how to handle such cases oftentimes buy valuable 
cows, owing to the fact that they are hard milkers, and by the use of a Teat 
Plug and a few treatments for hard milking, cause them to become splendid, 
easy milkers, thereby increasing their value many more times than the cost 
of the treatment. A Milking Tube should never be used in such cases, as 
there is too much danger of infection and the results are not as good as from 
the use of the Teat Plug. 

(See bottom of page 181.) 

JOHNE'S DISEASE OR BACTERIAL DYSENTERY. 

Bacterial Dysentery is a slow, contagious cattle disease existing in the 
United States for a number of years. The first case noticed by the writer 
came to his attention some eight years ago. 

There is perhaps no disease whose outward appearance resembles tuber- 
culosis more than Bacterial Dysentery. There is the same continual and 
gradual wasting away of the tissues until an animal, which was once in a 
healthy condition, becomes a walking skeleton. 

There is always a looseness of the bowels, as the name of the disease 
would indicate, and an animal is more apt to show rapid emaciation immediately 
after calving than at any other time. In fact, the period of calving is usually 
the starting of Bacterial Dysentery. 

Past records show that this disease is more apt to afflict imported ani- 
mals than our own native cattle; and the fact that a great many of the im- 
ported cattle are afflicted shortly after being imported, would indicate that 
they are affected before arriving in the United States, the disease developing 
after their arrival. 

If an animal is bred while this disease is advanced, she is liable not to 
conceive, and in case she does conceive, in rare cases the foetus may 
be carried a few months, at which time it is liable to die, owing to the low 
vitality of the mother, and then becomes mummified and is carried as long as 
the animal lives. The writer has witnessed a number of such cases. 

Owing to the fact that this is a contagious disease, it is advisable to 
remove animals thus afflicted from the balance of the herd and thoroughly 
disinfect the stables with Disinfectal. At the present writing there is no 
treatment known that has proved successful in overcoming Bacterial Dysentery. 

This disease is not common, but does exist in the United States at the 
present time. 



HORSE SECTION 




Or. David Roberts and His Arabian Horse 

HISTORY. 

As far back as history goes, we find that the horse was the servant of man. The 
first mention of the horse is as a domestic animal, and not as a wild animal. 

The Arabs are renowned as early breeders of fine horses, and history tells us they 
considered their horses their companions, being kind in their treatment and holding 
them high in their affections. Great care and attention were bestowed upon breeding. 
In this manner they produced a breed of horses noted for its high intelligence, great 
speed and remarkable endurance. While they were always careful and considerate of 
their horses, still they expected always that a horse would do its best for them, and 
that it would endure many hardships. They were the first to establish pedigrees, and 
the line of breeding in their day was considered as important to them as it is today 
among high-class breeders. Breeders of horses at the present time are following in 
their footsteps closely, guarding carefully the pedigrees of their horses, giving them 
better care and closer attention, and in this way producing a better grade of horses and 
endeavoring at all times to reach the highest mark possible. 

To get the best results out of a horse it is necessary that he be treated with kind- 
ness and given the best care and attention. 

HORSES' AGE. 

When four years old the third pair goes, 

At five a full new set he shows. 

The deep black spots will pass from view 



To tell the age of any horse, 
Inspect the lower jaw, of course; 
The six front teeth the tale will tell, 
^nd every doubt and fear dispel. 
Two middle nippers you behold 
Before the colt is two weeks old; 
Before eight weeks two more will come, 
Eight months the corners cut the gum. 
The outside grooves will disappear 
From middle two in just one year. 
In two years from the second pair — 
In three years "corners," too, are bare. 
At two the middle "nippers" drop ; 
At three the second pair can't stop; 



At six years, from the middle two; 
The second pair at seven years; 
At eight the spot each corner clears. 
From middle "nippers" upper jaw 
At nine the black spots will withdraw; 
The second pair at ten are bright; 
Eleven finds the corners light. 
As time goes on the horsemen know 
The oval teeth three-sided grow; 
They longer get — project — before 
Till twenty, when we know no more. 
— Dr. David Roberts. 



Symptoms and Treatment of Horse Diseases 



ABORTION IN MARES OR SLINKING OF THE FOAL. 

From the third to fifth month of pregnancy there is danger of mares aborting, and 
to avoid this danger they should receive good, clean, nutritious feed, stables should be 
well lighted, well ventilated and well drained, and a good germ-destroying disinfectant 
should be used to overcome and allay all foul odors, which usually indicate that there 
c»re germs present. 

The system of a mare at this time is in a very delicate condition, and if there be 
any time during the entire period of pregnancy that she requires a tonic it is at this 
period. The Breeding Tonic is especially prepared for this purpose and is invaluable 
for pregnant mares. 

See Prescription No. 79, page 148. 

ABSCESS. 

An abscess is a gathering of pus or matter in a sack and it may develop in any 
part of the body. The most common locations for them to form is between the lower 
jaw. This may be due to Distemper, or it may form on the withers, and is then known 
as Fistula Withers. If on the head, it is then known as Poll Evil. 

Abscesses are caused by either impure blood or bruises. 

If due to impure blood, this should be overcome by giving Physic Balls and 
Horse Tonic. 

HOW TO TREAT ABSCESSES. 

An application of Antiseptic Poultice (see page 148) should be placed upon the 
seat of any abscess, continuing this treatment until the abscess comes to a head, at 
which time it should be opened with a sharp, clean, pointed knife, at the lower part 
of the abscess, making a cut so as to allow all matter to flow out freely. The knife 
should first be dipped in a solution of Germ Killer and then in Healing Oil to prevent 
infection. Then make a solution of Germ Killer and wash out the cavity by the use 
of a syringe or an overhead, flushing tank with a rubber hose connected. 

After the abscess is thoroughly washed out, inject Healing Oil or Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 80, page 148. 

ASTHMA. 

Asthma is similar to Heaves. (See Heaves, page 101.) 
See Prescription No. 81, page 148. 

AZOTURIA OR PARALYSIS OF THE HIND PARTS. 

This is a disease which comes on suddenly and is due to an acid condition of the 
blood. It sometimes affects the front parts as well as the hind parts, and the animal 
may come out of the barn feeling fine, ambitious, willing to go and often go faster 
than usual, but before it has gone very far it begins to lose its spirits, hang back, 
sweat profusely, breathe hard and begin to knuckle over behind, get lame in one or 
both hind limbs, and in a short time is unable to go any farther and often falls help- 
less on the road. ' 



90 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

TREATMENT. 

Roll the animal on a stone boat and haul to the nearest warm, comfortable 
stable ; place it in a large box stall, never in a single stall. Give one bottle of Colic 
Drench and follow with Kidney Aid according to directions. Half a bushel of dry, 
hot salt may be placed upon the kidneys. The body should be kept warm by placing a 
blanket on. Give four quarts of warm water injection (per rectum) by the use of a 
hose and funnel (and the urine should be drawn by means of a catheter). The animal 
should be turned from side to side as long as it is unable to rise, and it shouiu ue 
kept down by hobbles until it is able to get up and stand alone. This will keep it from 
injuring itself by floundering. 

Give the animal all the water it wants to drink, with the chill taken off, and very 
little feed, if any, should be given during the first twenty-four to forty-eight hours. 
The animal should receive light food for several days. 

See Prescription No. 82, page 148. 

BARRENNESS IN MARES. 

Barrenness, sterility or failure to breed in mares is due either to imperfect, un- 
natural or diseased genital organs. Imperfection of the genital organs may be due to 
an undeveloped womb or ovaries. 

UNNATURAL CONDITION OF THE ORGANS. 

An unnatural, swollen and inflamed condition of the genital organs may be brought 

on by a retention of the afterbirth, this being allowed to be retained in a decomposed 

condition until the mouth of the womb becomes irritated, scalded and sore, so that when 

it closes it heals closed so firmly that it cannot always be opened without mechanical aid. 

DISEASED ORGANS. 
The genital organs may become diseased from several causes, the main cause being 
neglect when they become affected with a catarrhal discharge. This disease is called 
Leucorrhoea, or Whites, and if a mare be served while in this condition the semen of 
the stallion will be destroyed by this corrosive discharge, thus preventing conception. 

ALL HEALTHY MARES SHOULD BREED. 
All reasonably healthy mares should be made to breed. This can be done with 
little trouble and slight expense if given proper attention. Many a valuable mare has 
been sacrificed or disposed of for the reason that they would not breed. This may have 
been due to a lack of proper information pertaining to this subject. It is a very impor- 
tant thing that a mare, in order to conceive, be in a reasonably healthy condition. The 
genital organs should be in a condition to perform their functional duties as nature 
would have them. A lack of secretion or an excess of secretion renders conception diffi- 
cult. A lack of ambition or vigor, or an over amount of same, renders conception 
difficult. This should be overcome and controlled by the use of the Breeding Tonic, 
which contains ingredients that will regulate and control the genital organs. A mare 
should not be too thin (emaciated), thus lacking the strength which nature demands. 
Neither should she be too fat (plethoric), or over stimulated, for in this condition con- 
ception would be difficult. 

FAVORABLE SIGNS FOR BREEDING. 

A mare before breeding should be carefully examined to make sure that there is 

no unnatural discharge from the vulva. An unnatural discharge from the vulva may 

be a discharge of mucus streaked with or containing drops of matter or pus having a 

disagreeable odor, being of a very sticky nature, adhering to the tail or thighs. This 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 91 

would indicate the diseased condition of the genital organs and should be given prompt 
attention. 

ANTISEPTO SOLUTION IMPORTANT. 
The genital organs of all barren mares should be washed out with this solution 
until they conceive, whether they have a discharge or not. This solution will overcome 
the acid secretion which kills the semen of the stallion and prevents the mare from 
conceiving. It will also prevent and destroy germs, soothe and heal all inflamed mucous 
membranes, thus preventing the formation of germs and the spread of the disease. If 
a mare be cared for according to the demands of nature and fails to get with foal, 
after being bred a reasonable number of times, she should have the mouth of the womb 
opened. This is done while the mare is in heat by inserting from one to two fingers. 
This will dilate the neck of the womb and make conception easy. 

TREATMENT OF BARRENNESS. 

Barren mares should be given Breeding Tonic in their feed and their genital 
organs should be washed out with the Antisepto Solution. 

As barrenness is either due to a diseased or weakened condition of the genital 
organs, it is unreasonable to expect a mare to breed until this condition is overcome. 
The Breeding Tonic contains such ingredients as will tone and strengthen and regulate 
the genital organs, in this manner putting them in a strong, healthy breeding condition. 
The neck of the womb can be opened by the fingers, if necessary, after this treatment. 

See Prescription No. 83 for Treatment of Barren Mares, page 148. 

BLOATING. 

Bloating is due to indigestion and is caused by feed that is hard to digest. In 
order to avoid this trouble, which often proves fatal, see that your horses are digesting 
their feed. Their teeth should be well dressed. 

This bloating is more often called Wind Colic. It usually comes on rather sud- 
denly and continues, if not checked, until the animal's abdomen becomes very much 
distended, and unless the horse receives a dose of Colic Drench it may be necessary to 
resort to tapping. This is done on the right side of a horse, and the left side of a 
cow, and the seat of operation is located a little below the point of hip and the last 
rib. The instrument used is a trocar and a canula, which is usually a little smaller 
than a cattle trocar. 

Before the operation the parts should be washed with a solution of Germ Killer. ■ 
A small slit one-fourth of an inch long through the skin is necessary before attempting 
to insert the trocar. The instrument should be thoroughly washed with a solution of 
Germ Killer and dipped in Healing Oil. This will prevent infection. An injection 
of four quarts of warm water (per rectum) should be given by the use of a hose and 
funnel. 

See Prescription No. 84, page 148. 

BLOOD POISONING. 

See Blood Poisoning in Cattle, page 57. 
See Prescription No. 10, page 148. 

BOG SPAVIN. 

This is a distension of the synovial bersa and is located just in front and to the 
inside of the hock joint and is usually caused by strains. 

The treatment, which is very effectual in colts, consists in washing off the hock 
thoroughly with soap and water, allowing it to dry. Clip off the hair and apply the 



92 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

Absorbent according to directions. The animal should rest during the treatment, but 
good results have followed even when the treatment has been applied and the animal 
worked. 

See Prescription No. 85, page 148. 

BONE SPAVIN. 

Bone Spavin in horses is known by the enlargement and the limp. A hard, bony 
growth on the inner side of the hock joint, usually low down and a little forward of 
the center of the !eg. In tarveling there will be a quick hitch with the sound leg and 
a stiff movement of the lame leg, bearing the weight on the toe, most noticeable in 
starting. The enlargement is due to a growth between the outer edges of the hock 
joint bones. 

TREATMENT. 

The proper way to treat this is to absorb the growth between the edges of the bone 
by the use of Bone Blister. When this is done the lameness will cease. 

See Prescription No. 86, page 148. 

BROKEN KNEE. 

Broken knee means that a horse has fallen on his knees and broken the tissues, 
oftentimes so extensively as to cause the joint oil to flow. 

The treatment consists in washing the parts thoroughly with a solution of Germ 
Killer. Then apply the Healing Oil around the wound to the bruise, and apply the 
Healing Lotion to the wound itself. 

Keep the animal quiet and free from exercise. If the animal has a desire to bite 
the sore, its head should be tied up. 

See Prescription No. 87, page 148. 

BROKEN WIND. 

Broken Wind is similar to Heaves and should be treated in the same manner. 
See Prescription No. 88, page 148. 

BRONCHITIS. 

Bronchitis is similar to Pneumonia or Lung Fever and should be treated in the 
same manner. 

See Prescription No. 89, page 148. 

BRUISES. 

Bruises and swellings affecting any part of the body should be treated by thor- 
oughly rubbing in Badger Balm and thoroughly apply Antiseptic Poultice. This should 
be repeated and continued until all heat and swelling have disappeared. 

See Prescription No. 90, page 148. 

BRUISES OF THE FROG. 

This is usually due to traveling on stony roads, and the treatment consists in ap- 
plying the Antiseptic Poultice and continuing same until all soreness, heat and lame- 
ness have disappeared. 

See Prescription No. 91, page 148. 

BURNS AND SCALDS. 

All burns and scalds should be treated by applying Healing Oil or Badger Balm, 
then followed with Antiseptic Poultice. 
• See Prescription No. 92, page 149. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 93 

CALK WOUNDS. 

A calk wound is usually caused by one horse stepping on another one; and a 
horse may calk itself. 

TREATMENT. 

The hair should be clipped from the injured parts and the parts washed off with 
a Germ Killer solution ; then by the use of the blacksmith's knife all parts of the 
broken hoof should be trimmed down as close as possible to give the wound a good 
drainage and prevent the formation of pus or matter which usually forms there. Lack 
of drainage will have a tendency to cause the horse to lose its hoof. 

Apply Healing Oil around the wound and touch the wound with Healing Lotion. 
Then apply Antiseptic Poultice to the entire wound. The animal should receive laxa- 
tive and soft feed during the treatment. 

See Prescription No. 93, page 149. 

CAPPED ELBOW OR SHOE BOIL. 

This is an enlargement usually due to bruising of the point of the elbow where a 
collection of liquid gathers in the form of a large sack. If the sack is quite large and 
very soft it should be opened and thoroughly washed out with a solution of Germ 
Killer; then inject the Healing Oil. If the shoe boil is not ready to open it may be 
removed by applying the Absorbent. 

See Prescription No. 94, page 149. 

CAPPED KNEE. 

Capped Knee may be treated in the same manner as Capped Hock. 
See Prescription No. 95, page 149. 

CAPPED HOCK. 

This is an enlargement due to bruising of the point of the hock and should always 
be looked after and feated in its earliest stage. The treatment consists in clipping off 
the hair, washing off the parts and when dry applying Absorbent. One washing is 
usually sufficient. If a blister is required, apply the Bone Blister according to directions. 

See Prescription No. 95, page 149. 

CASTRATION OR CUTTING COLTS. 

This is an operation which the owner of horses very seldom undertakes, but in case 
he should desire to do so, the parts should be thoroughly washed with a solution of 
Germ Killer and then apply a little Healing Oil. All the instruments used, and the 
operator's hands, should first be thoroughly washed in a solution of Germ Killer and 
dipped in Healing Oil to prevent infection. 

See Prescription No. 96, page 149. 

CATARRHAL FEVER OR PINK EYE. 

Catarrhal Fever is similar to Distemper or Strangles, affecting the mucous mem- 
brane, especially the air passages, and if neglected often causes Pneumonia and Bron- 
chitis. There is usually a discharge from both nostrils. First it is a thin, watery dis- 
charge and often becomes a thick, matter-like discharge, and in many instances the 
horse may have Catarrhal Fever without discharging from the nostrils. There will 
be a soreness of the throat, inability to swallow, and loss of appetite. 



94 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

TREATMENT. 

If the temperature does not exceed 103 degrees the animal should be given a 
Physic Ball. If it should, omit the Physic Ball. 

Apply White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear. If there be loud breathing 
apply Antiseptic Poultice from ear to ear to allay the inflammation. Give Fever Paste 
to reduce the temperature (in bad cases add cne ounce of good whiskey to each dose 
of Fever Paste), and give Horse Tonic to keep up the appetite, and warm water in- 
jections to loosen up the bowels. Make a solution of Germ Killer or Disinfectall and 
dip gunny sacks in it and hang them around the stables to destroy the germs. 

Allow the animal plenty of cold water to drink, and laxative food, such as bran 
mashes and grass in season. 

See Prescription No. 97, page 149. 

CHOKING. 

This is a stoppage of the food in the swallowing tube or gullet. Usually the 
obstruction stops just before entering the stomach, and as the animal swallows, each 
swallow is stopped in the tube until the tube or gullet is filled up with saliva and food. 
It will then begin to come out of the horse's nostrils in the form of feed, froth and 
saliva. 

The animal, in its effort to swallow, appears to have a spasm, often squealing in 
a desperate effort to pass the food down. 

TREATMENT. 
Lead the animal down a steep embankment, stopping him at the steepest place, 
where the hind parts will be very much elevated above the front part. Then, by 
pressing the head downward, a great part of the matter will pass out through the 
nostrils. You are then to lead him back into the stable ; back him into a single stall, 
and by the use of a Drenching Hook draw his head up gently and give him half a 
dose of Colic Drench, but only give him one swallow at a time and that through 
the mouth, never through the nostrils. Then turn him loose in a large box stall. 
He should not be allowed to eat a mouthful of food of any kind. Neither should he 
be allowed to drink any water. 

In an hour lead him down the embankment, and after so doing give him another 
dose of Colic Drench. This should be repeated in the manner described every hour 
until the horse recovers. Feed sparingly after he recovers. 

See Prescription No. 98, page 149. 

COCKED ANKLES. 

To prevent and overcome Cocked Ankles, the toe cork should be left off; the heel 
of the shoe raised with heel corks. Apply White Liniment to the tendons from the hock 
or knee to the ankle. This should be continued until the proper results are obtained. 

See Prescription No. 99, page 149. 

COLD IN THE HEAD. 

A cold in the head may be thought by most attendants to be Distemper, but as the 
treatment is like that of Distemper, it does not matter. 

The treatment consists of applying White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear, 
giving the Fever Paste to reduce the temperature, and giving the Horse Tonic to keep 
up the appetite. Warm water injections should be given (per rectum) to empty the 
bowels. 

See Prescription No. 100, page 149. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 



95 



COLIC. 

There are only two kinds of Colic, Spasmodic and Wind Colic. They are often 
caused by a disturbance of the stomach and bowels, viz., indigestion and fermentation 
of feed. 

Wind Colic does not cause the animals to be in such intense pain as Spasmodic 
Colic, but in both cases they look around to their sides. There is pawing, stamping 
and kicking at the stomach; frequent getting up and lying down; rolling from side to 
side and oftentimes lying on the back. 

Colic is usually an easy ailment to detect, and unless it is given proper and imme- 
diate attention it often terminates in rupture or inflammation of the bowels, in which 
case death follows. TREATMENT. 

Back the horse into a single stall and by the use of a Drenching Hook drench him 

(see cut) with a dose of Colic Drench. Turn him into a loose box stall with plenty 
of bedding and give him an injection of four quarts of warm water (per rectum) by 
the use of a hose and funnel. Place a blanket on him. Give another dose of Colic 
Drench in from one to three hours if necessary, and follow with Laxotonic ; apply a 
quarter of a pound of mustard thoroughly mixed with a little warm water, making a 
thin paste, which should be thoroughly rubbed onto the abdomen or belly. Apply 
lard over the mustard in 12 hours to prevent its blistering. 

> Always allow a horse with Colic to lie down if he so desires. Never walk, trot 
or exercise a horse with Colic. A horse that is supposed to be subject to Colic should 
have his teeth examined and be given a Physic Ball and Tonic several times during 
the year, as this will prevent the horse from having Indigestion and Colic. 
See Prescription No. 101, page 149. 

CONSTIPATION. 

Constipation in itself is not a serious ailment, but frequently leads on to more dan- 
gerous conditions and should be prevented and overcome by the use of a Physic Ball 
and four quarts of warm water injections (per rectum) by the use of a hose and funnel. 
The animal must receive laxative food and regular exercise. 

See Prescription No. 102, page 149. 




HOW TO DRENCH A HORSE. 
See "How to Drench," page 96. 



96 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

CORNS. 

Corns are brought on by improper shoeing and bruises of the feet, and the treat- 
ment consists in removing the barring of the shoe, poulticing the foot with Antiseptic 
Poultice, trimming out the diseased and bruised tissues and applying the Absorbent 
according to directions. 

See Prescription No. 103, page 149. 

COUGHS. 

A Cough is due to an irritation of the throat and is often brought on by taking 
cold or coming down with a catarrhal disease, such as Distemper, Influenza, etc. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear and give the Fever Paste as 
directed; in stubborn cases a Physic Ball should be given, as in some instances the 
cough may be due to an irritation caused by Indigestion. 

See Prescription No. 104, page 149. 

CRACKED HEELS. 

Cracked Heels may be due to several causes, such as an impure condition of the 
blood, stocking and swelling of the limbs, driving in cold, slushy mud, or snow water. 

TREATMENT. 

Give the horse a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic. Wash the affected 
parts of the heels with warm water and soap. After they are clean and dry apply 
the Badger Balm. Avoid washing as much as possible. After the parts are once 
washed, then washing should be ommitted entirely, as water has a tendency to irritate 
and aggravate the Cracked Heels. 

See Prescription No. 105, page 149. 

DRENCH. 

A drench means a liquid dose of medicine which is given to a horse by pouring 
same down the throat. While this may be a simple act, it, however, is accompanied by 
great danger, and a little knowledge and good advice may be very beneficial to the 
one who does the drenching. 

Never drench a horse with a sore throat. 

Never drench a horse through the nostrils. 

HOW TO DRENCH. 

Back the horse into a single stall. Fasten a Drench Hook to the rafters just above 
the horse's head, by means of a rope place a loop around the front upper teeth and 
gently draw the horse's head up. 

The medicine should be well shaken before giving. Drench the horse slowly, by 
giving him one swallow of the medicine at a time, allowing him sufficient time to 
swallow before pouring more medicine into his mouth. 

A horse that is unable to swallow should have the medicine given to him in the 
form of a powder or paste, on the tongue, by the use of a spoon. 

Great care should be exercised in examining a horse's throat to determine whether 
it is in a condition to be drenched or not. This can be determined by pinching the 
throat with the thumb and finger, and if by being pinched the horse will cough, then 
great care should be taken in drenching the animal. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 97 

CRAMPS OF JOINTS. 

This is an ailment which is frequently seen in young horses, and when present will 
be noticed when an attempt is made to back the animal out of the stall. One of the 
feet will appear as if bolted to the floor. If you are able to back him out it will be 
with difficulty, and when you start him up he may be unable to lift that foot from 
the floor, but all of a sudden, in some cases, the limb will snap and crack and he will 
walk off sound, but on standing will experience the same trouble, which is invariably 
located in the hock joint, but is often mistaken for stifle trouble. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply White Liniment all around the hock joint. 
See Prescription No. 106, page 149. 

CURB. 

A Curb is an enlargement which makes its appearance back of the hock just a 
little below the joint of the hock and is usually due to a bruise or strain. 

TREATMENT. 

During the hot or inflamed stage the parts should be thoroughly poulticed with 
Antiseptic Poultice until all the inflammation has subsided, then apply the Bone Blister 
according to directions. In stubborn cases it is well to alternate the Bone Blister with 
Absorbent according to directions upon the packages. This treatment will remove 
Curbs of every nature. The animal should not be worked or strained during the 
treatment. 

See Prescription No. 107, page 149. 

DISTEMPER. 

(See Catarrhal Fever, page 93.) 
See Prescription No. 97, page 149. 

DIARRHOEA. 

Diarrhoea is an unnaturally loose condition of the bowels, where the faeces or 
manure passes away in a liquid condition, indicating a disturbance of the mucous mem- 
brane of the bpwels. It may be caused by bad or irregular teeth, indigestion, worms and 
unwholesome food. 

TREATMENT. 

Have the teeth examined and dressed if need be, and give liberal doses of Horse 
Tonic and dry feed, such as bran and ground oats. Give the horse a reasonable 
amount of water, and it is better that the chill be taken off. Give Calf Cholera remedy 
in small doses. 

See Prescription No. 108, page 149. 

DROPSY. 

Dropsy is a watery condition of the blood and is known by heavy swellings in the 
limbs and abdomen. The treatment consists in giving a Physic Ball and following with 
Horse Tonic. Give nutritious food and proper exercise. 

See Prescription No. 109, page 149. 

DYSENTERY. 

Dysentery is a watery condition of the bowel contents, similar to Diarrhoea, and 
is treated in the same manner. 

See Prescription No. 110, page 149. 



98 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

ECZEMA. 

Eczema is a disease of the skin and exists in various forms, but the most serious 
form of Eczema is known as Mange. This form is due to a parasite which is very hard 
to destroy, and the disease is equally hard to overcome, but all forms of Eczema and 
Mange can be permanently overcome and cured. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic internally. After the effects 
of the Physic Ball have passed away, the animal should be clipped (if the season 
will permit) and thoroughly scrubbed with soft soap and a solution of Germ Killer. 
After the parts become thoroughly dry the animal should be thoroughly rubbed with 
the Skin Ointment. This treatment should be repeated every few days until the dis- 
ease is completely cured. • 

See Prescription No. Ill, page 149. 

EYE INFLAMMATION. 

Inflammation of the eye may be due to an injury or to moon blindness. The treat- 
ment consists in bathing the eye with warm antiseptic solution several times daily, and 
injecting into the eye after each bathing some of the Eye Lotion. 

The animal should be kept in a dark stable during a very aggravated case of 
sore eyes. 

See Prescription No. 112, page 149. 

FEVER. 

A fever is an elevation of the temperature and is caused by a disturbance of one 
or more organs of the body, and the treatment consists, if taken in the early stages 
before the temperature rises above 103, in giving a Physic Ball and follow with the 
Fever Paste. Bran mashes and a liberal amount of cool water should be given. 

See Prescription No. 113, page 149. 

FISTULA. 

A Fistula may occur on any part of the body, and the treatment for it is the 
same, no matter where it may be located. But it is more often located on the withers 
and is generally called Fistulous Withers. The treatment consists, when it first makes 
its appearance, in repeated applications of Antiseptic Poultice until the fever and 
inflammation have been reduced; then wash off parts thoroughly and clip off the 
hair and mane, and apply a good application of Lucky Four Blister. This may be 
repeated every two weeks, or until the enlargement has disappeared or been brought 
to a head. In the latter case it should be opened at the lowest point and thoroughly 
drained, the operator making an incision from two to three inches long. The cavity 
then is to be thoroughly washed out with a solution of Germ Killer and the Healing 
Lotion injected once daily. In this manner any Fistula can be permanently cured. 

See Prescription No. 114, page 150. 

FLATULENT COLIC. 

(See Wind Colic, the treatment of which is the same.) 

FLIES. 

It is needless to say that flies are a nuisance to stock owners. However, they are 
not only a nuisance, but they are dangerous insects, and often are the means of carrying 
and spreading disease, thereby causing heavy losses to stock raisers and owners. They 
annoy horses to such and extent as to keep them in one continual fret and worry. It 
is impossible to keep a horse in flesh when thus continually disturbed. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 99 

Milking cows are often so disturbed by flies as to cause their owners serious loss, 
owing to the shortage of milk. It is for this reason that all horse and cow stables 
should be darkened during the fly season each morning, and the stables thoroughly 
sprayed with Fly Oil (see page 159). And this should be sprayed upon the cows 
while they are in the stable and a few minutes before milking time. When this is 
done the cow will quiet down to her natural condition, and will give her milk down 
freely and naturally, and will give enough extra milk to many times pay for the Fl\ 
Oil. It is for this reason that a good Fly Oil is an invaluable preparation to have on 
hand during the fly season. "A word to the wise is sufficient." 

See Prescription No. 115, page 150. 

FOALING. 

The required time of gestation, or the period in which a mare carries her colt, 
is eleven months, at which time special attention should be given the mare. Place 
her in a loose box-stall with plenty of bedding; give her feed of a laxative nature; the 
drinking water should have the chill taken from it, and her bowels should be kept in 
a natural condition by giving her laxative food. 

After the labor pains have appeared, it would be well to keep watch of her, 
and if she does not deliver her colt within a reasonable length of time — say, one hour 
— it would be advisable to make an examination. Upon doing so, if the colt be in a 
natural position, the nose and front feet are the first to be felt. If such be the case, 
the attendant may assist the mare in delivering her colt by pulling on the front feet. 
Any ether position would indicate an unnatural condition of foaling. 

When colt is born the navel cord should be tied two inches from the body with 
a string soaked in Umbilicure, the navel cord should then be cut about four inches 
from the body. Umbilicure should be applied three times daily to the navel cord until 
it dries up and drops off. This will prevent the colt from becoming infected with navel 
diseases. Important in connection with this article is the article on Navel Diseases 
in Colts. 

See Prescription No. 116, page 150. 

FOUNDER. 

Founder is a congested condition of the feet, and so affects them as to leave them 
in a diseased condition unless properly treated. An animal may be foundered by being 
overfed, by being watered or fed when in too warm a condition for receiving same, 
or by overdriving. 

The first thing noticed will be an inability to move, especially their feet. They 
will stand with their hind feet pretty well forward and under the body, and if they 
are compelled to turn around suddenly, they will show evidence of great pain and 
lameness. 

TREATMENT. 

Bleed the animal by tapping the blood vessel in the neck. The seat of bleeding 
is about 12 inches from the angle of the jaw, and the operation should be performed 
by the use of a bleeding Flem on the left under-side of the neck. 

The blood vessel may be raised by tying a string around the neck three to four 
inches below the point of bleeding. This should be drawn up rather snug. By so doing 
the blood vessel will fill rapidly with blood. The Flem should be placed and struck 
with a piece of heavy wood about 12 inches long. Always tap the blood vessel length- 
wise. After you have let out from two to four quarts of blood, the string on the 
neck should be loosened and a pin passed through both edges of the opening in the 



100 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

skin and a small string of mane wound around the pin in the form of a figure 8. 
This will prevent the animal from further bleeding. 

Give the animal a Physic Ball and reduce the temperature with Fever Paste. 
Keep the appetite up with Horse Tonic. 

Good big applications of Antiseptic Poultice should be placed on each foot. They 
should be kept moist in front and behind by pouring water on them every few hours, 
and place a blanket on the animal if in cold, and a fly sheet if in warm weather. 
Give soft feed and plenty of water. 

Tf the animal shows signs of soreness in the feet in the course of 15 to 30 days 
an application of Lucky Four Blister should be made around the upper part of 
the hoof, and especially on the front feet. 

See Prescription No. 117, page 150. 

GLANDERS. 

Glanders is a contagious disease and is incurable. It is a very dangerous disease 
to handle. If a person's judgment is not good enough to detect a case of Glanders, 
or if the case is not sufficiently developed to prove beyond a doubt that it is 
Glanders, the test should be applied, which consists in taking several temperatures, 
then injecting a dose of Mallien into the skin, then taking a few temperatures after- 
wards and later, if the temperatures rise and do so above a certain number of 
degrees, it is evident that the horse has Glanders. Further particulars will be given 
on application. 

See Prescription No. 118, page 150. 



GREASE HEEL. 

Is a swelling of the legs and a breaking out of the skin, extending from hock to 
knee to hoof, and is more often due to a bad condition of the blood than anything 
else. 



TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with Horse Tonic. Apply Badger Balm to all 
inflamed parts and in all severe cases apply Antiseptic Poultice over the Balm until 
the inflammation is gone, then continue with the Balm. Give the animal soft feed, 
such as bran mashes, grass, plenty of water, and keep him out of mud. 

Do not wash off the leg unless you have to, and if you do, use a solution of 
Germ Killer, as water alone has a tendency to aggravate the case. 

See Prescription No. 119, page 150. 



HARNESS OR COLLAR GALLS. 

Are brought on from a chafing of the parts by the harness or collars. The part? 
chafed wdl first become hot, sore and inflamed ; later on a scab will form and if 
neglected when scab comes off, there is danger of a sore being left under which pus 
cavities often form and cause no end of trouble. 

If they reach this stage it will necessitate opening of the pus cavities, and in 
this case requires from 20 to 30 days to heal. 



TREATMENT. 

In ordinary cases of Harness and Collar Galls, apply Healing Oil ; it will posi- 
tively prevent and cure all Galls. It matters not at what stage they are in, if pus has 
collected, open up the sack and wash out the cavity with a solution of Germ 
Killer, then inject Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 120, Page 150. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 101 

HEAVES. 

Heaves is a derangement of the blood vessels and air tubes of the lungs. The 
most common cause is Indigestion, or the animal may be out of condition. As soon as a 
horse gets out of condition there is great danger of an attack of Heaves. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and keep the animal from eating from 12 to 24 hours, then 
give Horse Tonic to tone up the system and digestive organs, and follow treatment by 
giving a moderate amount of feed with Heave Powder in it. Give water sparingly, 
and a reasonable amount of hay. Dampen all the feed. 

After you have given a Physic Ball, Horse Tonic and one package of Heave 
Powder you can easily see how much you have improved him, and if he is not 
entirely cured, continue with the Heave Powder until he is well, giving a Physic 
Ball every two weeks. 

See Prescription No. 81, page 150. 

HIPPED. 

The term "hipped" means the knocking down of the points of the hip bone. This 
can be done without injury to any joint, and for this reason the animal usually recovers 
from all lameness, but is always left deformed, though still useful. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply Badger Balm to all hot or inflamed parts around the hip until all heat, 
swelling and inflammation have disappeared. Then make an application of Lucky 
Four Blister between hip and stifle, every two weeks until the animal has fully 
recovered. 

See Prescription No. 121, page ISO. 

IMPACTION OF THE BOWELS. 

Impaction of the bowels means 'a stoppage of the bowels and the most frequent 
cause is overloading the stomach and bowels with bulky feed, such as straw or over- 
ripe hay. Another cause is paralysis of the bowels. It is for this reason that salts 
or oil should not be given a horse in this condition. 

You will know this trouble by noticing that the horse acts as if he had the Colic. 
He will lie down, get up, perhaps pass a little water and a little manure, but only 
enough manure to deceive you. He will stretch himself, look around to his sides, and 
perhaps keep on eating. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a dose of Colic Drench and follow in three or four hours with a dose of Laxo- 
tonic. Repeat the Colic Drench and Laxotonic every six hours, giving them at inter- 
vals of three hours. Give four quarts of warm water (per rectum) three times daily, 
by the use of the hose and funnel. If the animal be in great pain, one-fourth pound 
of powdered mustard, mixed with a little warm water to rrrake a thick paste, should 
be applied to the abdomen or belly. Apply lard over the abdomen in 12 hours, to 
keep the mustard from blistering. A Physic Ball should not be given unless in the 
early s^age of impaction. 

See Prescription No. 122, page 150. 

INDIGESTION OR "OUT OF CONDITION." 

This is a derangement of the stomach and bowels and is brought on by eating too 
much when the stomach is not in condition to digest food. You will know this trouble 



102 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

by the horse getting out of condition. He will eat plenty, but will not do well. There 
will be a rough coat, lack of ambition, bowels either too dry or too loose. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic. Repeat the Physic Ball 
every two weeks, and continue with the Horse Tonic until the animal has fully recov- 
ered, becomes fleshy, sleek, ambitious and able to do a good day's work. Give ground 
oats, bran and good tame hay, and see that he has regular exercise. 

See Prescription No. 123, page 150. 

INFLUENZA. 

Influenza is a Catarrhal affection of the air passages, usually of the head and 
throat, but if neglected the disease will affect the lungs. It is similar to Distemper, 
and the care and treatment are much the same. 

TREATMENT. 

If the animal be treated in the early stages of the disease, a Physic Ball should 
be given, but if the temperature is higher than 103, don't give a Physic Ball. 

Give Fever Paste and apply the White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear. 

Keep up the appetite of the horse by giving Horse Tonic. Keep bowels loose by 
injections of four quarts of warm water (per rectum) by the use of hose and funnel. 

In very severe cases of influenza, one ounce (two tablespoonfuls) of good whiskey 
should be added to the Fever Paste. If there be loud breathing, apply Antiseptic Poul- 
tice to the throat. Disinfect stables with Germ Killer or Disinfectall, hanging sacks 
around the sick stall that have been dipped in the solution, three times daily. 

See Prescription No. 124, page ISO. 

INJECTIONS. 

The usual method is to inject warm water into the rectum of an animal by the use 
of the hose and funnel, and this is a very important thing to do in all ailments and 
diseases except where the bowels are already too loose. 

An injection makes it possible and easy for an animal to empty and expel the con- 
tents of the rectum without straining enough to injure itself in any way. The amount 
of warm water used is from two to six quarts and is injected into the rectum by the 
use of the hose and funnel, placing the hose from four to twelve inches into the rectum, 
at the same time holding the funnel up as high as the hose will permit, and pouring 
warm water into it as fast as it will run into the animal. 

KIDNEY DISEASE. 

The chief work of the kidneys is to expel all impurities from the system, and if 
they fail to do this, you will soon have a sick animal, and you will know it by a stiffened 
gait on the hind parts, the horse taking very short steps and being stiff in turning, 
showing an inclination to stretch as if wanting to pass water. This is a very serious 
disease and must receive prompt and proper attention. 

TREATMENT. 

In the early stage of the disease give a Physic Ball and follow with the Kidney 
Cure. Give warm water injections, bran mashes, good hay and plenty of drinking 
water. All horses should receive xvidney Aid daily to prevent diseases. 

. See Prescription No. 125, page 150. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 103 

LAMENESS. 

Lameness is a disease or an injured condition of a joint, ligament, tendon, hoof or 
muscle of an . animal, and can be located usually by heat, swelling, inflammation, 
enlargements, and lack of action in any part of the body or limbs. The signs of loca- 
tion are as follows: 

Hoof lameness improves with exercise. In cases of splint lameness a horse walks 
as though sound, but trots lame. In shoulder lameness a horse stumbles considerably. 
Joint lameness is usually indicated by heat and swelling. Tendon lameness the 
same. In ligament lameness there is no swelling, no heat and there will be no recovery 
unless. the trouble is located and treated. In ringbone and curb lameness there is 
always an enlargement present. Bone spavin lameness sometimes appears without en- 
largement. Animal starts off on the points of his toes, and warms out of it as he is 
exercised. Bog spavin or thoroughpin always shows an enlargement. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply Antiseptic Poultice until all heat and inflammation are gone from the seat 
of the injury; then the parts should be clipped, washed, dried and Absorbent thoroughly 
applied in each of the following ailments: Ligament Lameness, Bog Spavin, Thorough- 
pins, Capped Elbows, Wind Puffs, Corns, and all unnatural enlargements on the body 
or limbs. In other forms of lameness the parts should be prepared as above mentioned 
and Bone Blister applied to the following ailments: Splints, Curbs, Ringbones, Bone 
Spavins and Capped Hock. 

See Prescription No. 126, page 150. 

DEEP-SEATED LAMENESS. 

The parts should be clipped, washed, dried and Lucky Four Blister thoroughly ap- 
plied where the following ailments exist: Shoulder Lameness, Sweeney, Stifle Lame- 
ness, Hip Joint Lameness, Sprained Joints, Tendons, also Curbs, and all parts requir- 
ing good, deep, stimulating blister. Hoof lameness due to nail wounds, gravel or 
bruises, should be thoroughly poulticed with the Antiseptic Poultice, and all cavities 
washed out with a solution of Germ Killer, after which inject Healing Oil. Plug 
all holes in bottom of hoof with absorbent cotton dipped in Healing Oil to prevent 
foreign matter from getting into the wounds. The poultice should be applied after the 
hoof is thus treated, as it keeps down inflammation and lessens the danger of Lockjaw 

See Prescription No. 127, page 150. 

LARYNGITIS 

Is an inflammation of the lining of the throat and is often accompanied by a swell- 
ing which causes the animal to breathe very hard. Unless proper care and treatment 
is given there is great danger of the horse smothering to death. It is in these cases 
that the silver tube, placed in the windpipe by cutting a hole into it, is so often 
necessary. 

TREATMENT. 

Give Fever Paste. Apply White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear, and if 
there is hard breathing, apply the Antiseptic Poultice to the throat from ear to ear. 
Keep up appetite with Horse Tonic. Keep bowels open by warm water injections, 
disinfect stalls with solution of Germ Killer or Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 128, page 150. 

LEUCORRHOEA. 

This is a catarrhal or inflamed condition of the mucous membrane or lining of 
the genital organs and is a very dangerous disease if neglected. It often prev nts 
mares from getting with foal. 



104 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OE HORSE DISEASES. 

TREATMENT. 
Give a J'hvsic Ball and follow with Horse Tonic. Wash mil the vagina with a 
solution of Antisepto, by the use of the hose and funnel. 
See Prescription No. 129, page 150. 

LICE. 

Lice are small insects which infect live stock and do a great deal more damage 
to stock than the average stockman realizes. 

It is a positive fact that if a stock owner knew just how much untold agony, to 
say nothing of the loss of flesh, that lice cause, he would not sleep until he had done 
all in his power to destroy the restless pests. 

TREATMENT. 
Diolice should be thoroughly applied and dusted into the hair on all parts of 
the animal. 

See Prescription No. 130, page ISO. 

LUNG FEVER. 

It is also called Pneumonia and is inflammation of the lungs. It may be caused 
in various ways, but the most common cause is taking cold and being neglected. 

A horse with Lung Fever may or may not have a cough. He will stand with 
his elbows turned out most of the time, and seldom ever lays down. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply White Liniment to both sides of the chest over the ribs and also the throat. 

Give Fever Paste to reduce the fever. Give Horse Tonic to keep up the appetite. 
Give one gallon of warm water as an injection (per rectum) to keep the bowels open. 
Dip gunny sacks in a solution of Germ Killer or Disinfectall three times daily and 
hang them around the sick stall to kill the germs which are always present. 

The stall should be ventilated. Plenty of sunlight. Keep stall warm in winter 
and cool in summer. Place a blanket on the animal if needed. Keep the stall clean, 
well drained and use plenty of bedding. Give plenty of cold water, bran mashes 
and grass in season. 

See Prescription No. 131, page 150. 

LYMPHANGITIS. 

This is inflammation of the lymphatic glands of the body or limbs, and is more 
commonly known as "Monday Morning Disease.'" Comes on from Sunday rest and 
high feeding. It is more often seen in the hind limbs than in the front ones, and 
is more liable to affect the left leg than the right. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with Horse Tonic. If the fever be high, give 
Fever Paste. Apply the Badger Balm to all swellings of the limbs or body and rub 
it in thoroughly. Give soft feed, such as bran mashes, grass in season, and lots of 
exercise when the animal is able to take it. 

See Prescription No. 132, page 15,0. 

MANGE. 

Mange is a skin disease which comes under the head of "Eczema." 
See Prescription No. Ill, page 150. 



SYMPTOMb AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 105 

MOON BLINDNESS. 

This is a disease of the eyes, and it is also known as Periodical Opthalmia. It 
gets both of the names from the fact that it affects a horse at regular periods and 
was formerly supposed to be controlled by the moon. It may affect one or both eyes 
at any time. 

TREATMENT. 

Remove wolf teeth, if any, by pulling them, instead of breaking them off. There 
is no treatment that will cure this disease, but improvement has been effected by giving 
the animal a Physic Ball and following with Horse Tonic. 

Bathe the eyes with a solution of Antisepto three times daily and then inject 
the Eye Lotion as directed, until all inflammation is gone. Keep animal in dark 
stable during the stage of intense inflammation. 

See Prescription No. 133, page 150. 

MOUTH SORE. 

If the animal's teeth need dressing, have them dressed and apply Healing Oil to 
all sore or inflamed parts. Change bits if necessary. 
See Prescription No. 134, page 150. 

NASAL GLEET 

Is a Catarrhal Discharge from one or both nostrils and is often caused by a bad 
cold or Distemper. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic. Apply White Liniment to 
the nostril or nostrils affected, as high up as to come even with the lower part of the 
eyes, and within three inches of the hole of the nostril. This treatment should be con- 
tinued until the animal is entirely cured. 

See Prescription No. 135, page 150. 

NAVEL DISEASE IN COLTS. 

This is a disease that affects the navel cord, and this takes place oftentimes at 
birth, due to the part becoming infected by germs which not only cause the navel to 
become sore and inflamed, but they enter the body at this point and cause a swelling 
of the joints of colts. This results in lameness and a gathering of matter or pus, and 
unless proper treatment is promptly given, the disease will cause a sloughing of the 
joints and death will follow. 

TREATMENT. 

It is better to prevent this disease than to treat it. This can be done by applying 
Umbilicure to the end of the navel cord for several days immediately after birth. 

TREATMENT OF THE DISEASE AFTER IT HAS CAUSED THE 
JOINTS TO SWELL. 

Give Fever Paste internally and apply Badger Balm and Antiseptic Poultice ex- 
ternally. Keep colt from lying on damp ground or wet stalls. 
See Prescription No. 136, page 151. 

NAVICULAR LAMENESS. 

This is caused by continual pounding on hard surfaces, such as pavements, and the 
treatment is not very satisfactory. Removing a part or severing the nerves of the 



10G SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

feet will enable an animal to do work for some time without limping, but there is 
great danger of the foot dropping off. 

OPEN JOINT. 

This means an injury to a joint to such an extent as to cause the joint water to 
flow out. The joint water forms as fast as it flows out, so as soon as the flow is 
stopped the joint fills up again with as much of the fluid as Nature requires to lubri- 
cate the joints. 

TREATMENT. 

Clip off the hair and wash the joint and wound with a solution of Germ Killer. 
When dry, apply Lucky Four Blister to the entire joint, as per directions given on 
Blister. Apply Healing Lotion to the wound. Do not disturb the scab or wash the 
wound after the first washing. If the discharge of joint water does not cease in four 
days, one pint of the Antisepto Solution, which is made by dissolving one tablespoon- 
ful of Antisepto in a pint of water which has been boiled and cooled to blood heat, 
should be injected once daily into the joint until discharge ceases. Follow with 
Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 137, page 151. 

PARALYSIS. 

This is a loss of power, both of motion and of sensation, but one may occur 
without the other. The kind of Paralysis which is most common is due to Azoturia or 
an excess of uric acid in the blood, and must be treated the same as Azoturia. 

See Prescription No. 138, page 151. 

PARASITES 

Is a term applied to a small living organism which lives on other animals, burrow- 
ing into the skin and producing irritation and a disease such as Mange in animals, 
or the Itch in human beings. For treatment see article on "Eczema." 
See Prescription No. 139, page 151. 

PARTURITION. 

This is the act of giving birth to the offspring. The animal should be placed in 
a loose box-stall and given plenty of bedding. After the mare has labored for several 
hours, she should be examined to see if everything is all right. If she is not, she 
should be given special attention. After colt is delivered, she should be washed out 
with a solution of Antisepto (two quarts), then place one pound of lard (in chunks) 
into the womb. Do this once daily until she has recovered. 

See Prescription No. 140, page 151. 

PHARYNGITIS. 

This is very much like "Laryngitis" and the treatment is the same. (See page 104.) 
See Prescription No. 141, page 151. 

PENIS 

This is the genital organ of the male and should be given some attention, such 
as washing out the sheath with a solution of Germ Killer every sixty days, and if 
the penis be sore, apply Healing Oil. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 10? 

PILLS. 

Mean Physic Balls, of which all horses should receive no less than four each year, 
and at most, one every two weeks, until put in good condition. 

Whenever the blood is out of order, the skin rough or covered with pimples, 
or the animal has a staring coat, no gloss to it, or is unthrifty in every way, you will 
know he needs a Physic Ball and it should be followed with Horse Tonic. 

PIMPLES. 

Pimples are only an indication that the blood is out of order, and the proper 
method of treatment is to give a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic, if the 
pimples do not disappear readily. Apply Skin Ointment to all parts affected. 

See Prescription No. 142, page 151. 

PINK EYE. 

(See Catarrhal Fever, page 93.) 
See Prescription No. 97, page 151. 

PLEURISY. 

Pleurisy is usually brought on by taking cold. It is an inflamed condition of the 
covering of the lungs and resembles Lung Fever. Give Fever Paste internally and 
apply White Liniment externally to both sides of the chest, also to the throat. Give 
warm water injections (per rectum) to keep bowels open, and care for the animal the 
same as you would in the case of Lung Fever. 

See Prescription No. 143, page 151. 

PNEUMONIA. 

Is "Lung Fever" and the treatment is the same. (See page 104.) 
See Prescription No. 131, page 151. 

POLL EVIL. 

Poll Evil is a large, hot, painful swelling on the forward and upper part of the 
neck just between and back of the ears, and is usually caused by bruises or violence 
of some form, such as jamming the head against the ceiling of the stable, or rearing 
up and falling over backwards, the result being the same, regardless of the cause. 
After the parts become hot, inflamed and swollen, pus or matter usually forms, and, 
unless it is overcome by absorption, the cavities become filled with pus and later on 
break open unless they are opened before. 

The treatment consists, when it first makes its appearance, in repeated applica- 
tions of Antiseptic Poultice until the fever and inflammation have been reduced ; 
then wash off parts thoroughly and clip off the hair and mane, and apply a good 
application of Lucky Four Blister. This may be repeated every two weeks, or until 
the enlargement has disappeared oj been brought to a head. In the latter case it 
should be opened at the lowest point and thoroughly drained, the operator making 
an incision from two to three inches long. The cavity then is to be thoroughly washed 
out with a solution of Germ Killer and the Healing Lotion injected once daily. In 
this manner any Poll Evil can be permanently cured. 

See Prescription No. 144, page 151. 



108 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 

This is an intense swelling of the limbs, head and under the belly, including 
the sheath or udder. The swelling comes on slowly but steadily and must run its 
course, causing the eyes to close from the intense swelling. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball at once and give Fever Paste to reduce the fever. Give Horse 
Tonic to keep up appetite. Give warm water injections (per rectum) to keep bowels 
open and apply Badger Balm, well rubbed in, to all swollen parts. If the heels crack, 
use Healing Oil and Healing Lotion — first one, then the other, as directed. 

See Prescription No. 145, page 151. 

QUITTOR. 

Is like a Fistula, only it is located in the foot, and is often caused by nail pricks, 
bruises or gravel in the foot. 

TREATMENT. 

Wash part with Germ Killer solution and poultice the feet with the Antiseptic 
Poultice until most of the fever is gone, then inject Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 146, page 151. 

RING BONE. 

A Ring Bone is an unnatural growth of the bone, which takes place at the pastern 
joints and is liable to appear on any foot, but generally on the hind foot. 

TREATMENT. 

In the early stages of Ring Bone, clip off the hair, wash the parts thoroughly 
with soap and warm water. When dry, apply Bone Blister to the ring bone or any 
enlargement of like nature, and continue the treatment until all lameness is gone. 

See Prescription No. 147, page 151. 

RING WORM. 

Ring Worm is a skin disease and is due to parasites which live just beneath 
the skin and must be destroyed before the disease can be cured. 

The treatment is the same as for Skin Disease and Eczema. (See "Eczema," 
page 98.) 

See Prescription No. 148, page 151. 

ROARING. 

Roaring is a disease of the throat and is caused by a neglected case of Distemper 
It is very hard, and in fact, almost impossible to cure this disease. 

TREATMENT. 
Apply Lucky Four Blister to the throat from ear to ear according to directions. 
Repeat every two weeks until at least four treatments have been given. 
See Prescription No. 149, page 151. 

RUPTURE. 

Rupture is a term generally applied to an injury to the tissues which hold the 
bowels in their natural position. 

A rupture of this kind may appear in different locations, but the rupture which 
the ordinary person has to contend with, and the only one which he can treat and 
improve the condition, is a rupture in a suckling colt, where the bowels come down 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 109 

into the scrotum. This may occur at any time from the day of birth to full maturity. 
It will be detected by an unnaturally enlarged condition of the scrotum. 

The treatment is to apply Healing Oil once daily to the entire scrotum until it 
regains its natural size. 

See Prescription No. 150, page 151. 

SCALDS AND BURNS. 

Scalds usually occur from having water applied to any part of the animal when 
it is too hot. 

The most common way in which Burns occur, and the kind of burns that horse 
raisers have to contend with, are caused by the horse getting tangled up in a rope, 
either by being tied too long or staked out to grass. This is called a rope burn and 
if neglected, often results in a serious inflamed wound, which may leave a thick, dis- 
eased scar or ridge. 

TREATMENT. 

For either Scalds or Burns, apply the Badger Balm, and if it be where a poultice 
can be used, apply the Antiseptic Poultice. This can be continued until all heat and 
inflammation have gone. Then this should be discontinued, but continue with the 
Badger Balm until the parts are healed. 

See Prescription No. 151, page 151. 

SCRATCHES. 

Scratches or cracked heels is an inflamed, irritated and diseased condition of the 
skin, usually at the fetlock of either front or hind limbs, but more often the hind 
ones. If this be neglected, it is liable to terminate in what is called Grease Heel. 
Scratches may occur at all seasons of the year, but are more liable to come on in the 
spring of the year. This goes to show that in many cases they are due to a bad con- 
dition of the blood. 

TREATMENT. 

Give a Physic Ball and follow with the Horse Tonic. Wash the legs and feet 
off thoroughly with a solution of Germ Killer. See back part of book for remedies. The 
washing should not be repeated after the limbs are once clean. Then apply the Badger 
Balm, and if it be a very sever case, apply the Antiseptic Poultice until all heat and 
swelling have disappeared. Continue with the Badger Balm until the skin is healed. 
The animal should be kept out of the mud and snow water, as all water and moisture 
are irritating to the skin when thus afflicted. 

See Prescription No. 152, page 151. 

SHOE BOILS. 

(See "Capped Elbow," page 93.) 
See Prescription No. 94, page 151. 

SKIN DISEASE. 

Skin disease comes under the head of "Eczema" (see page 98). 
See Prescription No. Ill, page 151. 

SORES. 

There are various kinds of sores, some being superficial, and others deep seated. 
Both superficial or surface sores and deep seated sores or pus cavities may be caused 
by bruises, punctures, wire cuts, etc. 



110 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

TREATMENT. 

In all cases of sores, the first thing to be done is to cleanse them. This should be 
done with a solution of Germ Killer. If it be a deep seated sore, the cavity should 
be thoroughly syringed out with this solution, and then Healing Lotion should be injected. 

If a surface sore, it should be cleaned in the same manner, then treated with 
'he Healing Oil. If proud flesh appears, apply Healing Lotion. 

See Prescription No. 153, page 151. 

SORE THROAT. 

Is an inflamed condition of the mucous membrane lining the throat, and it may 
be due to taking cold, inhaling smoke, or to Distemper or Catarrhal Disease. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply, the White Liniment to the throat from ear to ear for three to four days, 
discontinuing for a few days and resuming the treatment later if needed. 

Give Fever Paste on the tongue. The appetite may be kept up by the use of Horse 
Tonic. The bowels should be kept open by giving four parts of warm water (per rec- 
tum) as an injection, using a hose and funnel. 

The animal should be allowed plenty of cold water and soft and nutritious feed, 
such as bran mashes ; and flaxseed tea may be given freely. 

See Prescription No. 154, page 151. 

SPAVIN. 

(See Bog and Bone Spavin, pages 91 and 92.) 
See Prescriptions Nos. 85 and 86, page 152. 

SPEEDY CRACK 

Is similar to "Scratches" or "Cracked Heel," and the treatment is the same (see 
page 109). 

See Prescription No. 152, page 152. 

SPLINTS. 

A Splint is a bony enlargement which develops on the (canon) or shin bone of 
the horse between the knee and hock, and the (fetlock) or ankle joint. They usually 
form on the inside of the limb, but do occasionally appear on the outside of a limb. 
They vary in size from that of a hickory nut to a small kernel. They can usually be 
seen or felt very readily. Splint lameness has a peculiarity of its own, inasmuch 
as the horse is apt to walk perfectly sound and trot lame and the horse usually grows 
worse by exercise. Splints are usually caused by hard road work or injuries. Either 
will produce a growth of bone beneath the thin tissue paper like covering of a bone; 
it is this growth that produces lameness and the treatment of a splint consists in the 
application of ingredients such as are contained in Bone Blister. When this growth or 
enlargement is absorbed, it disappears and so does lamesness if the animal is thus 
afflicted. 

See Prescription No. 155, page 152. 

SPRAINS. 

A Sprain is an injury to the joint, ligament, tendon or muscle, and is usually 
detected by heat, swelling, soreness or lameness. All heat, swelling and soreness should 
be, overcome by applying the Antiseptic Poultice and if there be lameness after the heat 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. Ill 

and swelling have been relieved, the Absorbent or Lucky Four Blister should be applied. 
See Prescription No. 156, page 152. 

STERILITY. 

(See Barrenness in Mares, page 90.) 
See Prescription No. 83, page 152. 

STRANGLES. 

Strangles is the same disease as Catarrhal Fever or Distemper (see page 93). 
See Prescription No. 97, page 152. 

STRING HALT 

Is an injured condition of the nerves of the hind limbs, and is known by an 
unnaturally high lifting of the limbs. This trouble is incurable. 

A horse out of condition will show this disease more than one in a good, healthy 
condition, so the ohly thing to do is to get the animal in a healthy, strong condition. 
This may be done by giving Physic Ball and Horse Tonic until the condition of the 
animal is improved. 

See Prescription No. 157, page 152. 

SUNSTROKE 

Is simply prostration from heat, and usually occurs in very hot weather. 

The animal may be going along as usual, but will suddenly get diizy, weak and 
sweat profusely, then suddenly stop sweating and begin to pant. His nostrils get 
large and he will hang his head, and it is at this point that he is liable to go down. 

TREATMENT. 

Cold water should be applied to all parts of the body and head by the use of a 
light spray or by sponging. This should be kept up until he cools off. Move him to 
a shady place, where he may get fresh air, and give him one tablespoonful of Fever 
Paste and eight ounces of good whiskey as one dose, and follow every three hours with a 
tablespoonful of the Fever Paste and two ounces of good whiskey as one dose, until 
he recovers. 

Give a gallon of tepid water (per rectum) by the use of the hose and the funnel. 
Allow the animal to drink tepid water, and as he recovers, give him bran mashes and 
soft foods. 

See Prescription No. 158, page 152. 

SWELLING. 

Swelling is a hot, inflamed condition, and the treatment consists in giving a Physic 
Ball internally, following this with the Horse Tonic. Apply Badger Balm well rubbed 
in, and if possible to use a poultice, use the Antiseptic Poultice. 

See Prescription No. 159, page 152. 

SWEENY. 

Sweeny is a shrinking of the muscles and is caused by an injury to thepoint of 
the shoulder; for this reason the hair should be clipped from the entire shoulder blade, 
and the point of the shoulder, and an application of Lucky Four Blister or White Lini- 



112 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

ment to both the point of the shoulder and to the depression at the shoulder blade. 

In many cases it is an advantage to use first one of these remedies, then the other. 

The animal should receive daily exercise; sometimes a little light work may be 
beneficial, but heavy work is out of the question. 

See Prescription No. 160, page 152. 

SHEATH. 

The sheath is the cover of the penis of the male, and the only attention that is 
usually required is to occasionally wash out with soap and warm water, the collection 
of dust and dirt in the sheath, which sometimes produces bad results if neglected. It 
may cause portions of the skin to slough off, leaving raw surfaces, which come in 
continual contact with the balance of the unclean parts. If there be signs of soreness, 
the dirt from the sheath should be washed out at the point of the penis, and should be 
examined, as there is frequently a collection of cheesy-like material collecting just in 
front of the urethra, where there is a little blind sack that favors the collection of 
foreign matter. This gathering is commonly known as a bean. It should be examined 
and the sheath washed no less than four times per year. If there be soreness of any 
nature on the penis, the Healing Oil should be applied to the inner parts of the sheath. 

SYNOVITIS. 

This is inflammation of the synovial and joints, the parts of the joints which come 
in contact with one another. This is commonly know as inflammation of the joints, 
and may be recognized by heat, swelling and intense lameness. Bruises, slips or strains 
are frequent causes of synovitis. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply Badger Balm thoroughly rubbed into the parts of the inflamed joints, then 
apply the Antiseptic Poultice. Continue this treatment until all heat and swelling 
have disappeared. If lameness continues, apply Lucky Four Blister according to direc- 
tions, and repeat every two weeks until lameness is overcome. 

See Prescription No. 161, page 152. 

TEETH (IRREGULAR). 

All owners of horses should examine their horses' teeth and should be able to tell 
by examination whether they should be dressed or not. 

The way to examine them is to back the horse into a single stall, remove the halter 
or bridle, and if need be put a neck strap on the animal, and by standing directly in 
front of the horse and reaching into the mouth, grasping the tongue and pulling it out 
and to one side with one hand, and lifting the sides of the cheeks with the other. In 
this way you will be able to see the full set of molars or grinders. If they need 
dressing, the inside edges of the lower teeth and the outside edges of the upper teeth 
will be ragged, rough and sharp. 

Sometimes in examining a horse in this manner you will find one or more teeth 
considerably longer than the others, in which case, or where the edges are sharp, the 
teeth should be properly dressed by a qualified veterinarian who thoroughly understands 
dentistry. In fact, all horses should be thus examined, and especially horses that are 
out of condition. 

TENDON SORE. 

When a horse has a sore or lame tendon and when inflamed so as to produce 
lameness, it should first be thoroughly rubbed with Badger Balm. Then apply the 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 113 

Antiseptic Poultice until all heat and swelling have disappeared, after which remove 
the lameness by applying Lucky Four Blister as directed. 
See Prescription No. 162, page 152. 

TESTICLES. 

Swollen testicles may occur as the result of bruises, kicks or stings, and the trouble 
frequently happens to stallions during breeding season. 

Bathe parts with warm water, then apply Badger Balm, thoroughly rubbed in, 
and follow by the use of the Antiseptic Poultice. This is done by placing a wide 
bandage around the belly, just in front of the hips, then another strip attached to it 
just at the point of the sheath, then brought up between the thighs and along the side 
of the tail and fasten to the other strip just over the loins or kidneys. In this manner 
a poultice may be applied easily, and its use is very important in such cases. 

THOROUGHPINS 

Is an unnatural enlargement of the hock, and is indicated by a puff in front and 
outside of the hock, passing entirely through the hock. This trouble may happen to 
horses of any age, but the treatment is very much more satisfactory in young horses 
than in old ones, and is as follows: 

TREATMENT. 

Clip off the hair from all parts and wash with warm water and soap. A few 
hours later apply Absorbent to the puffs, both in front and at the sice of the hock. 
In this manner all curable cases of Thoroughpins can be cured. 

See Prescription No. 163, page 152. 

THRUSH IN FEET. 

Thrush is known by a dark gray, unhealthy secretion of matter oozing from the 
middle or either side of the frog of a horse's foot. This discharge, if neglected, is 
liable to eat its way through the sole of the foot, oftentimes involving the joints and 
sometimes causing intense lameness, swelling of the limbs. It is at this stage of the 
disease that blood poisoning is liable to set in and death occurs. 

This disease affects both horses and mares, more often affecting the front feet of 
geldings or stallions and the hind feet of mares; this being due to the filth and moisture 
caused by the urine. 

TREATMENT. 

Thrush is to be treated by cleanliness — the removal of all direct causes and a 
return of the frog to its normal condition. The diseased or ragged condition of the 
frog should be pared away and in severe cases the foot should be poulticed for a few 
days with the Antiseptic Poultice. The center of the frog and the grooves on either 
side are then to be cleaned and well filled with wads of cotton soaked in Germ Killer 
(full strength). The foot should be dressed in this manner once daily. If there be 
intense fever in the feet and swelling of the limbs, this will indicate that the horse 
requires internal treatment, and for this give a Physic Ball and follow with Horse 
Tonic; but in all mild cases of Thrush in the feet pack the frog and affected parts 
with wads of cotton soaked in Germ Killer (full strength) and you will overcome the 
disease. 

See Prescription No. 164, page 152. 



114 SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 

TUMOR. 

The only possible way for stock owners to remove Tumors is by use of the Absor- 
bent. If that should fail to accomplish the result, the knife must be resorted to. 
See Prescription No. 165, page 152. 

ULCERS 

Are deep seated sores, usually of a very disagreeable character, occurring in any 
part of the body or upon the limbs. 

TREATMENT. 

Wash them out thoroughly with a solution of Germ Killer and apply Healing 
Lotion. Most ulcers should be touched up with Absorbent to get them in a condition 
that they will heal. 

See Prescription No. 166, page 152. 

URINE RETAINED. 

The retention of the urine in mares may be easily overcome by passing a female 
catheter, which is a silver plated tube a little larger than a lead pencil and about 
twelve inches long, into the neck of the bladder, which is located on the floor of the 
vagina. But the retention of the urine in a gelding or stallion is a difficult matter 
to overcome, as an inexperienced person would be liable to have trouble in passing the 
male catheter, which is usually about three feet long. However, if there be retention 
in the mare or horse, a bottle nf Colic Drench shonirt b p piven, as this contains ingre- 
dients which act upon the urinal organs, and by so doing may overcome the necessity 
of drawing the water. 

See Prescription No. 167, page 152. 

WARTS 

Are little tumors which often appear very suddenly on any part of the body or 
limbs, angles of the mouth, corners of the eyes, tips of the ears, etc. For this reason 
they are difficult to remove, and great care should be taken in their removal. The 
only safe and reliable method is to apply Wartine to warts of all kinds, until they 
are removed. It requires a longer time to remove some kinds of warts than others. 
The large warts should be pulled out by the roots with the fingers or forceps, and then 
apply the Wartine to the wound thus made. 

See Prescription No. 168, page 152. 



WIND BROKEN. 

This trouble is very much like Heaves and should be treated in the same manner. 
(See Heaves, page 101.) 

See Prescription No. 81, page 152. 

WIND GALLS. 

Wind Galls are sometimes called Wind Puffs, either term being correct. They 
are enlargements of the synovial bursa, and usually appear on the fetlock joint of the 
front or hind limbs, but more often on the hind limbs. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 115 

TREATMENT. 

Clip off the hair over the wind gall, wash the parts thoroughly with warm water 
and soap, and in a couple of hours apply Absorbent. Do this daily until the trouble 
disappears. Do not repeat the washing. 

The animal will improve more rapidly if kept from doing hard work, and kept off 
the pavement. 

See Prescription No. 169, page 152. 

WIRE CUTS. 

Wire Cuts are usually caused by wire containing barbs or sharp prongs. These 
barbs or prongs are usually in a rusty condition, and for this reason a wire cut is con- 
siderably more dangerous and harder to handle than most any other wound; but wire 
cuts may also be produced by smooth or woven wire, but the animal, in such cases, 
must come in contact with such wires with considerable force. When this occurs the 
bruise is usually as serious as the cut, and both have to be properly treated in order to 
obtain the best results. 

Barb wire cuts are also very dangerous for the reason that when the animal comes 
in contact with a fence with sufficient force to produce an ugly gash there is great 
danger of the sharp, rusty barbs passing considerably deeper into the flesh than the 
wire itself, and by so doing oftentimes penetrate the joints in that vicinity. When this 
occurs you have to contend with both a wire cut and an open joint. The open joint 
means the escaping of snobia, or joint water, from the joint. 

TREATMENT. 

All wounds should be thoroughly washed with a solution of Germ Killer. When 
the skin and muscles are cut to more than two or three inches in length it is advisable 
to stitch up with silk or linen thread, bringing the skin together. This may be done 
successfully in several ways, but it is advisable to make stitches about one-half or one 
inch apart, passing the needle through both edges of the skin, then cutting the thread 
sufficient in length to be tied in a hard knot. These are called interrupted sutures. * 

Another method would be to begin at one end of the cut, passing the needle 
through the skin and back through the end of the thread, then to the opposite side of 
the wound, and in this manner drawing the edges of the skin together, sewing the 
entire wound without cutting the thread. This is called uninterrupted sutures. The 
entire wound should then be dressed with Healing Oil once daily. Daily washings of 
the wound with Germ Killer solution and Healing Oil are necessary. After the stitches 
are removed the wound may be washed once daily with Germ Killer solution. Apply 
Absorbent with a small brush to the wound itself, using Healing Oil to keep the skin 
moist. In this manner any wound may be treated with success, regardless of its size. 

See Prescription No. 170, page 152. 

WORMS. 

There are several classes of worms, but the same treatment applies to the various 
kinds. 

It is a very important thing to rid your horse of worms and keep the animal from 
having them. In order to do this a package of Worm Powder should be given. It 
should be followed with a Physic Ball, which expels all destroyed and stupified worms. 

In connection with this treatment, two to four quarts of Germ Killer solution, half 
strength, should be given (per rectum) as an injection by the use of a hose and funnel, 



116 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 



two or three times per week. This will rid the rectum of the little pin worms, which 
are sometimes very hard to be gotten rid of. This treatment can be repeated if 
necessary. t 

See Prescription No. 171, page 152. 



WOUNDS. 

There are many different kinds of wounds, which are caused in different ways. Most 
wounds are caused by external injuries, while others may be caused by improper con- 
dition of the blood. 

Wounds of all nature, both surface and deep seated, should be washed with a solu- 
tion of Germ Killer; after they are thoroughly cleaned by injecting this solution into 
the cavity, use both Healing Oil and Healing Lotion alternately. 





METHODS OF APPLYING ANTISEPTIC POULTICE. 

A— Throat Pad. 

B — Pneumonia Jacket. 

C— Fetlock Pads. 

D— Fetlock Pads. 

E — Hock Bandage, Manvtail. 

F — Poultice Bandage. 

G — Manytail Bandage. 

Apply and inject into the following deep seated wounds, and into Abscesses and 
Pus and Fluid Sacs, after they have been opened, such as Poll Evil, Fistulas, Withers, 
Capped Elbow, Capped Hock, Distemper, Abscesses on any part of the body, open collar 
or harness Galls, Blood Blisters (or bruises), often seen at the point- of the breast bone, 
abscess of the udder, punctured or lacerated wounds, such as are often caused by barb 
wire, tin, glass, nails or slivers; sore feet due to rope burns, wounds left after removing 
warts. 



SYMPTOMS AND TREATMENT OF HORSE DISEASES. 117 

It is a difficult and important thing in all deep seated wounds to keep proud flesh 
from forming, and to cause the wound to heal nicely without a scar. This can be done 
if the above directions are clearly and carefully followed. 

GERM KILLER cleanses the wound. 
HEALING LOTION prevents proud flesh. 
HEALING OIL heals the wound. 

See back part of book for these medicines. 

Use Healing Oil for superficial or surface wounds, such as Collar Galls, Harness 
Galls, Cracked or Inflamed Skin, Cracked Heels, Speedy Cuts (or Scratches), bruises 
or irritated Skin, such as is often noticed on the knees, ankles, hocks, and hips from 
lying on cement or rough floors without much bedding. Sore mouth, both around the 
mouth and inside; bites of insects, poisoning or inflamed condition of the skin, and all 
superficial irritation of the skin. 

Healing Oil should be used freely on instruments and hands of operator, also 
applied to the scrotum of all live stock castrated, such as calves, colts, lambs and pigs. 

Healing Oil is invaluable to veterinarians or to parties who make a business of 
castrating stallions, bulls, boars and rams, as it will prevent infection and blood poison- 
ing in all surgical operations. 

See Prescription No. 172, page 152. 




JACOB A IRENE AND BULL CALF— THE $10,000 JERSEY. 

One of Dr. David Roberts' Patients at the National Dairy Show in 1909 



HORSE OWNERS GIVE THEIR EXPERIENCE. 

Dr. David Roberts' Absorbent Saves Valuable Race Horse. 

Dr. David Roberts, Milwaukee, Wis. 

Waukesha, Wisconsin. 
Dear Sir: — Electric Maiden, 2:13 1 /o, was afflicted with two large goitres on her 
neck. I had great fear, and in fact had made up my mind that she was ruined as a 
race horse on account of these unnatural growths, but upon learning that you had an 
Absorbent specially prepared to remove unnatural enlargements from the body and 
limbs of a horse, I was determined to try it, so I purchased one bottle and applied it 
according to directions, and in a remarkably short time it reduced the enlarged glands 
to their natural and normal condition. 

I consider that your Absorbent has done more than I ever expected of any remedy. 
I take great pleasure in recommending this valuable remedy to other horsemen. 
Yours truly, T. J. Dunbar, 

Milwaukee, Wis. 



WISCONSIN STATE INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL USES OUR REMEDIES 
IN ITS LIVE STOCK DEPARTMENT WITH GREAT SUCCESS. 

State Industrial School, 

Waukesha. Wis. 
Dr. David Roberts, 

Waukesha, Wisconsin. 
Dear Sir : — At one time I was superintendent and manager of the Captain 
Pabst stables in the city of Chicago. Later I conducted a livery business at the 
Aldine Square Livery on Vincent Avenue. At times I had as high as ninety head 
of boarding horses, and as a rule each owner or family employed their own 
veterinarians and used different veterinary prescriptions in the care and treatment 
of their animals. This necessitated the calls of many different veterinarians and 
the use of a great many different veterinary prescriptions, and it gave me a good 
opportunity to witness the different methods of treating animals, and the most in- 
teresting of all things was to watch the results of different prescriptions, such as 
Condition Powders and Colic Cures, and with this experience I must say of all 
the Colic Cures I saw administered or administered myself to these different 
boarders, that of Dr. David Roberts' Colic Drench has in my opinion saved more 
horses and brought about better results than any that I have witnessed or ex- 
perienced, and I take pleasure in recommending your Colic Drench for all forms of 
colic. 

I have had considerable experience with your Horse Tonic, and like it very 
much and can highly recommend it for all horses out of condition. 

K. C. Dors man, 
Manager of the Live Stock Dept. of the Wisconsin State Industrial School. 



Care and Management of Swine 

SELECTION. 

No money can be made by selecting a half-wild breed of hogs. Nor can success be 
achieved by selecting a good breed and starving the hogs or allowing them to shift for 
themselves. Hogs of the improved breeds are not so well able to take care of themselves 
as those of a half-wild breed, but when well cared for, will pay fifty per cent more 
profit than the other breed, for the grain fed. This is because they are more quiet and 
assimilate their food more perfectly. 

However good the breed may be, care should be taken in the selecting or coupling 
of animals, otherwise degeneration of the offspring will result. 

In the selection of stock for breeding, look first to the constitutional vigor. Without 
this, no matter what the beauty of form may be, disaster will come to the herd. Next 
examine the form, with regard to what you require. Then comes the question of early 
maturity and easy fattening qualities. In all farm animals tractability and quietness of 
disposition are essential. In swine this is especially so, as on the disposition of the 
animal largely depends the quality of fattening quickly and easily. 

FEEDING. 

The question of feeding swine comes under two heads, viz., that of feeding swine 
for breeding purposes and feeding for fattening only. 

In feeding the breeding animal attention should be given to feeding for a strong 
constitution, a more active animal, and perfect health. True economy in this will dic- 
tate that they have the warmest possible shelter in winter and that they be kept cool in 
summer, with some place where they can escape from insect enemies. They should have 
range sufficient for them to exercise their instinct in rooting for such underground 
vegetation as their nature may require. This promotes health and strengthens their 
constitution. 

These animals which are intended for fattening (and which are the very great 
per cent, of swine in the country), and whose lives do not extend to beyond 15 months 
at most, are fattened, ready for sale, within ten months, and do not require this range 
and exercise. 

If the breeding stock have been kept healthy they should transmit health to the 
offspring, giving them a strong constitution on which to build. 

The young pigs should be weaned when about six weeks old, allowing them plenty 
of skimmed milk and buttermilk, mixing at seven or eight weeks old a fair portion of 
corn-meal mush, or, better still, light wheat and rye screenings ground together. Give 
them grass also as soon as they will eat it, and at three months old they may be put 
on clover. In addition to clover, give the young pigs all the milk and other slops of 
the house, and also give what corn they will eat. The older pigs will do well on clover 
and corn without the slops. The summer and early fall is the best season for fattening 
hogs. The gain during this time will be more rapid than at any other season. In the 
late fall, winter and spring the hogs should be housed in diy, warm sheds or barns. 

The fact should never be overlooked that it requires a certain percentage of the 
food to supply daily animal waste. The young animal converts into flesh more of 
the food given than a full grown one; no matter how long the animal is kept, the daily 
waste goes on constantly. True economy is therefore to feed strong from birth and keep 
them growing as fast as possible. In this way you shorten the feeding period and get 
them to market quickly. Do not neglect the hogs. Feed them regularly and often 
enough so that they will not overeat, as this is apt to cause trouble with the hog as with 
the human being. 



DISEASES OF SWINE. 121 

Further, see that they have plenty to drink. Neglect to furnish abundance of pure 
water is a common source of loss and favors the outbreak of disease. Impure and germ 
laden water invites disease. 

Hogs which are being fattened are not given their natural exercise, neither are they 
at liberty to root in the ground, where they could get the roots and herbs necessary to 
their digestion. They are, therefore, on account of their confined condition, liable to 
contract disease. To aid their digestive organs and supply them with the proper 
ingredients to aid in digesting and assimilating their food, they should be given a small 
amount of stock tonic each day by mixing Dr. David Roberts' Condensed Stock Tonic 
with linseed meal and giving this to them in their feed. 

HOW TO GET BEST RESULTS. 

The care of young hogs is important in getting the results, and "best results" are 
what every one is striving for. After you have used care in selecting and feeding 
your hogs, do not lose the benefit of it by not properly caring for them. 

A boar will be ready for service when six or eight months old, but it is better to 
wait until he is about ten months of age at least. The sow is capable of breeding at 
seven or eight months old. However, it is better to wait until she is ten or twelve. One 
litter of pigs per year is enough for the average sow, although some will raise two. If 
the sow has a warm place for farrowing, the earlier in the season the pigs are produced 
the greater will be the profit from them. 

CASTRATION. 

Pigs should be castrated at from two to three weeks old. Never delay it later 
than the age of four weeks. This operation should not be performed in cold, damp 
weather. 

Give your hogs the best of care and attention, for without these the finest bred 
hogs in the land will soon degenerate and become only scrubs. 

See Prescription No. 173, page 153. 

FARROWING, 

The sow should have a quiet, dry, warm place and plenty of bedding. Rich food 
should not be fed for a few days before and after farrowing. 

GESTATION. 

The average period of gestation in a sow is four months. This varies sometimes 
several days. Whenever you have a good breeding sow keep her as long as you can, 
as young sows are often bad mothers. A sow will remain a good breeder for about 
eight years, unless she becomes overloaded with fat. This should be guarded against. 

DISEASES OF SWINE 

Diseases of swine are usually classed as infectious and contagious. The infectious 
form is known as. Epizootic Catarrh. The contagious form usually appears as Hog 
Cholera, Pneumcenteritis. 

In the care of swine the prevention of disease is of the utmost importance. They 
are indeed subject to comparatively few ailments; but these few are generally of the 
most serious kind. In such cases the great difficulty is in administering the medicine, 
as the animals are usually too sick to take it in their feed. For this reason it is much 
more important to keep hogs in a healthy condition, and prevent them from having 
disease than it is to treat them after they have been taken sick. 

ABORTION IN SOWS. 

Abortion in sows may be divided into two forms, infectious abortion and accidental 



122 DISEASES OF SWINE. 

abortion; either one is a loss and a detriment to the stock owner. It is pietty thoroughly 
understood that the infectious form is the one which produces the greatest loss. Acci- 
dental abortion in sows may be brought on by injuries usually received by sows heavy 
with pig passing to and from pens or pastures in which there might be sills or boards 
under gates which they are compelled to either jump over or drag themselves over 
in this heavy pregnant condition. Infectious abortion may be brought on by breeding 
sows having a weakened or catarrhal condition of the genital organs to a boar used on 
all sows. If the boar becomes infected he is then in a condition to infect all sows bred 
to him. 

The treatment for infectious abortion in sows consists in the giving of Breeding 
Tonic and washing the genital organs of both sow and boar with a solution of Anti- 
septo. The pens should be thoroughly disinfected with Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 174, page 153. 

DIARRHOEA. 

Small pigs are frequently taken with diarrhoea, in which case the pens should be 
disinfected by thoroughly using the Disinfectall, after which Calf Cholera Remedy 
should be added to a little sweet milk as directed and given to them. 

See Prescription No. 175, page 153. 

HOG CHOLERA. 

While there are two forms of Hog Cholera, both are due to germs and the treatment 
is the same for each. The bowels of the animals may be loose or they may be consti- 
pated. In either case the Hog Tonic acts as a regulator, and should be fed the year 
around. 

To prevent the diseases to which swine are subject Hog Tonic should be given 
according to directions. To overcome such diseases as Hog Cholera, the Hog Tonic 
should be given in a little larger doses, and the pens, floors and in fact everything per- 
taining to the hog-pen should be thoroughly disinfected by the liberal use of a solution of 
Disinfectall. Gunny sacks should be dipped in this same solution and hung around the 
pens. 

If one or more animals are attacked, the ones that are apparently well should be 
removed at once to another pen and the infected pen should be disinfected. In all 
cases where well hogs have been removed, the balance of them should be kept in a well 
ventilated, dry pen, and receive the best of care, including medicine, wholesome food, 
and pure water. If any more of them get sick the hogs that have not yet shown signs 
of sickness must again be removed to another pen, and so on until the disease has been 
controlled. 

See Prescription No. 176, page 153. 

LICE ON HOGS. 

The hogs should be thoroughly washed with Disinfectall, one to two ounces to a 
gallon of water. Older hogs can stand it a little stronger. After they have been 
thoroughly scrubbed with this solution, and a few applications of Diolice have been 
thoroughly sprinkled in, you will have no further trouble with these pests. 

See Prescription No. 179, page 153. 

THUMPS. 

Is an ailment due to contraction of the diaphragm and often affects the heart, and 
is more often noticed in pigs which are afflicted with indigestion. 

Treatment consists in giving Hog Tonic to overcome indigestion. 
See Prescription No. 177, page 153. 

WORMS. 

For worms give Hog Tonic or Worm Powder according to directions. 
See Prescription No. 178, page 153. 



SHEEP 

History. 

Care and Management of Sheep 
Selection — Feeding. 



Breeding Age — Gestation — Coupling— Lambing- 
Rams — Castration — Docking — 
Tagging — Shelter. 



Prize Winning Lincoln Sheep Owned by 
Dr. David Roberts. 



Diseases of Sheep — Symptoms and Treatment. 



Miscellaneous Information. 






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History 



Domesticated sheep were first introduced on the American continent by Spanish 
discoverers and conquerors. On the second voyage of Columbus to the new world he 
brought with him some animals with which to stock the island of Hispaniola; among 
them were some sheep. His live stock was landed about the middle of December, 1493, 
at Isabella, where was founded the first Christian city of the new world. The vessels 
that followed from Spain from time to time brought supplies for the Colonies, includ- 
ing in their cargoes sheep which were landed at Hispaniola and Cuba. From these 
islands sheep were carried to the Isthmus of'Panama. 

On Cortes' return from Spain to the City of Mexico in 1530, misunderstandings 
arose between him and the magistrates, and he left the capital, taking up his resi- 
dence in the City of Cuernavaca, on the southern slope of the Cordilleras overlooking 
a wide expanse of country. Here he devoted himself to agriculture and the improve- 
ment of his estate. Among other live stock, he imported large numbers of Merino 
sheep, which flourished and increased rapidly on the abundant pastures in the country 
around Tehuantepec. From these two localities, Panama and the City of Cuernavaca, 
went forth sheep in large numbers. From these Spanish sheep originated the immense 
herds in Mexico, New Mexico, Utah and Texas. 

Sheep were introduced into the Eastern States by the early settlers, and much atten- 
tion was paid to the raising of them. The increase was slow, as there were many 
difficulties to overcome in caring for them, the principal one being that of protecting 
the sheep from wolves which abounded in that country in its early settlement. With 
the approaching of the Revolution more attention was paid to the raising of sheep. 
A feeling of independence was felt throughout the country, and showed itself in the 
increase of flocks, that the domestic manufacture might be carried on, and there was 
an increased demand for homespun garments from those who had usually worn the 
finer products of the British looms. The press of the country urged upon the popula- 
tion the importance of increasing the number of sheep and improving them by selecting 
the best and disposing of the poorest, and one who continued to wear a coat made of 
English material was not considered a patriot. 

The Revolutionary War caused a backward step in the character of the sheep at 
that date, and also retarded the increase. As large numbers of the citizens were in 
the army, the flocks were neglected, and many of the sheep were destroyed by the 
armies. Upon the close of the war many breeders endeavored to improve their flocks 
by importations from abroad, as well as by giving those which they still had better 
care and attention. Much was done toward improving the sheep by better care and 
attention, but as England was too jealous to permit her improved sheep to be exported 
for the purpose of improving the sheep of the United States, she passed stringent ex- 
portation laws which practically prohibited the exporting of any sheep from England. 
Although means were found for evading this law, yet the number which the citizens 
of the United States succeeded in importing was but few, and left but a small mark 
upon the native flocks. 

George Washington, after the close of the Revolutionary War, was the first to 
improve the breed of his native sheep. He usually kept c flock of from seven to eight 
hundred sheep, and paid particular attention to their care and breeding, fully realizing 
that to get the most income from his flock they should be kept up to as high a standard 
as possible. From the time of the Revolutionary War the sheep industry has gradually 
increased, though it has oftentimes met with reverses of different kinds. 



CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP. 125 



Care and Management of Sheep 

Constant attention is necessary in the care and management of sheep. They are 
t'.mid, without self-reliance, an easy prey to dogs. The necessity of keeping them in 
large flocks causes them to be especially liable to contagious and epidemic diseases. 
This care and attention should be given from the time the lamb is born. Oftentimes 
a little attention to a young lamb which is weak will enable it to take on a robust con- 
stitution and become one of your best sheep. 

BREEDING AGE. 

The proper breeding age for sheep is two years, and may continue until ten years 
old. From the age of three to eight years the best lambs will be produced. 

CASTRATION. 

Lambs should be castrated at from two to four weeks old. 

COUPLING. 

November is the season for coupling, but if breeding for mutton or wool it may 
be later than this, as the Iambs will be better if not dropped until after the time for 
grass. If the object be to sell lambs, the earlier in the season they are produced the 
more money they will bring. 

DOCKING. 

This should be done as soon as they recover from castrating, generally about three 
or four days afterwards. This should be done with a single stroke of a sharp knife, 
care being taken to sever the tail at a joint. The skin of the tail should be drawn to 
the body so that the end will cover the stub. Allow the flock to lie down to keep quiet 
so that they may lose the least amount of blood possible. 

FEEDING. 

Sheep eat a variety of vegetation other than the true grasses and will pick a living 
on pastures where other stock would starve. They can be turned into rough pastures 
and where brush is growing and will enjoy eating the nutritious shrubs, brush and 
tufts of grass, in this way helping to clean up the land while getting a good living. 
The feeding of grain and other feed to sheep should be taken up early enough in the 
fall so that they will not fall off in flesh before going into winter quarters. A good 
allowance of corn, oats and bran should be fed, together with plenty of good, clean 
hay, clover being preferable. There should also be plenty of good clean water to 
drink. A trough with salt in should be provided so that the sheep may get it at will. 

The general diseases of sheep are as follows: 

Distemper or Epizootic Catarrh, Indigestion, and Paralysis or Stoppage of the 
Bowels. These are forms of disease that are the most troublesome, and need the 
most prompt attention. 

GESTATION. 

Ewes carry their lambs on an average of 152 days. This time may vary a few 
days. 



12G 



CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF SHEEP. 



LAMBING. 

At lambing time the ewe should be provided with warm quarters so that the 
Iamb may dry off and take the teat as soon as possible. Ewes are very apt to become 
indifferent to a weak lamb. 

RAMS. 

There should be one ram for each one hundred sheep or less. In the beginning 
of the season do not let the ram serve more than two or three ewes a day, increasing 
the number as necessity demands. As the season draws to a close, restrict him again, 
as an exhausted male cannot get strong offspring. 




ONE OF .OUR PRIZE-WINNING LINCOLN SHEEP. 

Dr. David Roberts Veterinary Company exhibited a bunch of Lincoln Sheep at the 

following State Fairs: Wisconsin, Illinois, Missouri, Minnesota, Indiana, Iowa and 
Kentucky, and won 57 (fifty-seven) prizes. 

6 Championship prizes, 18 Second prizes, 

32 First prizes, 1 Third prize. 



SELECTION. 

In the selection of sheep for the foundation of a flock the first question to be set- 
tled is whether you are going to breed principally for wool or for mutton, and the 
next is the question of what breed to adopt. In deciding both of these questions your 
own inclinations should be considered, for you are apt to be more successful when 
your own inclinations are followed, as more interest will be taken. It is also advisable 



DISEASES OF SHEEP. 127 

in deciding these questions to study up on good authorities the sheep industry and also 
to seek the advice of some well posted sheep raiser who has had experience in handling 
sheep. 

After these questions have been settled, the selections of the individuals follow. 
In this the same as with other stock, only strong, healthy, vigorous animals should be 
used for breeding. When you succeed in raising a particularly fine animal, one which 
shows the best points, keep that animal for your own use in breeding and dispose of 
some not as good in quality. By following this rule you will soon have a fine flock 
of vigorous and healthy sheep. 

SHELTER. 

Sheep barns or sheds need not be expensive structures, as it is only necessary to 
provide shelter that will keep out wind and water, and at the same time admit of 
proper ventilation. About three to three and one-half square feet of shed room should 
be allowed for each sheep. Sheds opening to the south are preferable, as they provide 
the most protection. 

By giving your sheep such care and attention as they need, together with good 
feed and breeding, they will produce wool and mutton of the best quality, and in large 
quantities, and be a flock in which their owner will take much pride. 

TAGGING. 

This is important and should be performed as early in the spring as possible, cer- 
tainly before the sheep are turned to grass. 



DISEASES OF SHEEP 

DISTEMPER. 

In Distemper, there is a slight watery discharge from the nostrils and eyes — there 
is a depression and more or less loss of appetite. The breathing is not changed unless 
the bronchial tubes are affected; the animals seldom cough. At the end of a week, 
unless the animal gets relief, the discharge from the nostrils becomes thick and pus- 
like, and sometimes tinged with blood. The eyes are half closed and the lids are 
gummed with a yellow secretion. There is a loss of appetite, and the animal will die 
unless promptly treated. 

TREATMENT. 

Immediately upon noticing the first animal affected with Distemper, the entire 
flock should promptly receive Sheep Tonic as a preventive treatment. The Sheep 
Tonic should be thoroughly mixed with their salt, and placed in a sheltered 
trough, to which they may have free access. No salt should be given in any 
other form during the treatment. A solution of Disinfectall (one oz. to a gallon 
of water) should be used to sponge out their eyes and nostrils. The sheds should be 
thoroughly disinfected (2 oz. Disinfectall to a gallon of water). Gunny sacks dipped 
in this solution should be hung around through the sheds, and a sack half full of shav- 
ings saturated with Disinfectall (full strength), and hung over the sheep, is of great 
benefit in such cases. 

See Prescription No. 180, page 153. 



128 DISEASES OF SHEEP. 

GRUBS IN THE HEAD OF SHEEP. 

This is caused by the eggs of the gadfly being deposited in the nostrils of the 
sheep in July and August. From the nostrils they find their way (in a maggot form) 
through the sinuses, causing much pain. When the gadflies are seeking the sheep the 
animals will crowd together with their noses to the ground, stamping violently at times, 
and will run from one place in the pasture to another. When the maggots reach their 
resting place they attach themselves by their hooks and are easily dislodged. 

TREATMENT. 

Treatment consists of an operation which none but a competent veterinarian should 
attempt, and as this is not practical excepting upon valuable sheep, it is for this reason 
that a more simple and cheaper treatment is required, which consists in giving the sheep, 
which are usually in a nervous, run-down condition, the Sheep Tonic and the dipping of 
gunny sacks and hanging them just above the heads of the sheep and thoroughly spray- 
ing the sheds with a strong solution of Disinfectall. 

See Prescription No. 181, page 153. 

INDIGESTION. 

Give Sheep Tonic according to directions and medicate all salt given. 
See Prescription No. 182, page 153. 

INTESTINAL WORMS. 

The presence of intestinal worms is seldom known to the ordinary observer, until 
after the death of a sheep. They can be detected by a post mortem examination. If 
worms are found in this one animal, the presumption is good that other sheep are 
seriously infected. 

TREATMENT. 

Mix the Worm Powder thoroughly, according to directions, with their salt, and 
place in sheltered troughs where they may have free access to same. They should not 
receive salt in any other form. 

See Prescription No. 183, page 153. 

LUNG WORMS. 

These worms are usually found in wind-pipe, or bronchial tube, and sometimes in 
the lungs. They are small, thread-like, and long. 

There will be a husky cough, rapid breathing, loss of appetite and flesh. The 
sheep will rub their noses on the ground. There may be dysentery, with a bad smelling 
odor. 

TREATMENT. 

Give the Worm Powder according to directions, in the salt or in a little feed. Dis- 
infect the sheep pens thoroughly with a strong solution of Disinfectall (2 oz. to a 
gallon of water). Gunny sacks dipped in the same solution should be hung around 
the pens, and a half sack of shavings saturated with Disinfectall (full strength) should 
be hung around at different points, over the sheep. The breathing of this medicated 
air destroys the worms. The sheep should receive good, nutritious feed, both during 
and after the treatment. 

See Prescription No. 184, page 153. 



Hen 


Pullet 


lbs. 


lbs. 


9V Z 


8 


8 l / 2 


7 


7 


6 


7% 


6V 2 


6% 


S 1 /* 


6 


5 


8 


7 


6V 2 


5% 



Care and Management of Poultry 

STANDARD WEIGHT. 

Cock Cockerel 

lbs. lbs. 

Light Brahma 12 10 

Dark Brahma and All Cochins 11 9 

Langshan 10 8 

Javas and Plymouth Rocks 9% 8 

All Wyandottes 8% 7'/ 2 

American Dominique 8 7 

Black Orpingtons 10 8% 

Minorcas and Spanish 8 6 x / 2 

Aandalusians 6 5 5 4 

Rhode Island Reds..., 8% 7% 6% 5 

SELECTION OF BREEDS. 

For meat: Brahma, Cochins and Langshans. 

For general purpose: (Meat and eggs combined.) Plymouth Rocks, Wyandottes, 
Rhode Islands Reds and Orpingtons. 

For eggs: Leghorns, Minorcas, Hamburgs or any of the smaller active breeds. 

CARE AND MANAGEMENT. 

To be on a paying basis, poultry must be properly managed. This latter clause 
covers many essentials, viz. : 

1. Suitable quarters. 

2. Healthy conditions. 

3. Proper feed. 

4. Correct feeding. 

LOCATION OF POULTRY HOUSE. 

The Poultry House should always be so situated that it has good drainage, a South 
or Western slope being preferable. It should be well lighted and ventilated. Win- 
dows should be placed not to exceed eighteen inches from the floor. Nests and roosts 
should be made removable, so they can be taken out and thoroughly cleaned. The 
proper size for roost is 2x2 timbers with the uppermost corners rounded. And the 
best plan is to construct dropping boards under your roosts, easy of access so they may 
be cleaned out every morning. A box for dust bath should be placed in one corner and 
kept filled with ordinary road dust, as this is one of the best materials obtainable for 
the purpose. 

If possible, have a scratching shed in connection with your poultry house, other- 
wise keep the floor of your poultry house covered with some kind of litter. One of 
the best and most serviceable houses constructed is built by using 2x4 timbers for the 
frame, covering inside and outside with building or tar paper and then using ship-lap or 
tongue-and-groove siding, giving you a dead air space of four inches as a protection 
against frost. 



CARE AND MANAGEMENT OF POULTRY. 131 

FEEDING CHICKS. 
Do not feed chicks for at least twenty-four hours after they are hatched. Their 
first feed should consist of the yolk of hard-boiled eggs and dry bread crumbs, to 
which add a small amount of Dr. David Roberts' Poultry Tonic. This acts as a tonic 
and helps to assimilate and digest the food, thus warding off the terrible diseases, indi- 
gestion and bowel trouble, which carry off 75 per cent, of the chicks that die under 
two weeks of age. This food should be fed for two days, then for eight or ten weeks 
practice the following system of feeding: In the mornings feed mash composed of the 
following ingredients, in the proportions specified: 

Wheat S lbs. 

Oatmeal ...... 2 lbs. 

Unbolted Corn Meal 3 lbs. 

Middlings 2 lbs. 

Beef Scraps 4 lbs. 

Crushed Oyster Shell V 2 lb. 

Dr. David Roberts' Poultry Tonic 1 lb. 

Mix with warm milk or water to a creamy mass, not sloppy. Allow to stand at 
least fifteen minutes, in a closed vessel or covered with a cloth, carpet, sack or some- 
thing similar. Feed just what they will eat up clean without stuffing themselves. One 
of the best indicators as to whether or not you are feeding the correct amount is the 
fact that when the chicks are through their morning mash they should at once start in 
quest of insects, bugs, etc., but if overfed, they will sit around all drawn up and suffer- 
ing from a derangement of their digestive organs. 

At noon, feed hulled or pinhead oats. In the evening, feed small wheat. Feed no 
corn, cracked or otherwise. If this system of feeding is kept up until the tenth week 
you can feed chicks just the same as adult birds and we will guarantee that you will 
raise 90 per cent, of those you hatch. 

FEEDING FOR EGGS. 
Feeding to produce eggs, and especially winter eggs, is a puzzle that we have 
solved. To produce eggs, one must supply the right kind of food. You cannot make 
"something out of nothing." Just so with the egg question. One must use a feed that 
compares favorably with an analysis of the egg, as "like produces like," and also the 
food must be balanced so as to assist digestion properly. Chemical analysis shows the 
egg to be composed of the following: Water, 67 per cent.; lime, 10 per cent; albu- 
men, 12 per cent.; fat, 9 per cent.; ash, 2 per cent. Analyses of certain feeds com- 
pare favorably with the egg, while others do not. The former must necessarily be 
fed. While this class of feed furnishes all the material for producing eggs, it con- 
tains the essential elements in such small quantities it must be supplied otherwise. This 
is just where Dr. Roberts' Poultry Tonic steps in and performs its work. It sup- 
plies these elements. Not only this, but it tones up the entire system by giving strong 
circulation, good digestion, and keeping the bowels and liver properly regulated. 

For morning feed, use mash proportioned as follows: 

Ground Oats 25 lbs. 

Wheat Bran 15 lbs. 

Corn Meal 15 lbs. 

Middlings 5 lbs. 

Beef Scraps 8 lbs. 

Clover meal ..................... 51 lbs. 

Crushed Oyster Shell 2 lbs. 



132 POULTRY DISEASES. 

Mix the above with warm water or milk (not hot) until it becomes a crumby 
mass, not sloppy. 

Use one gallon of the mash for every twenty-five fowls, and to this amount add 
two tablespoonfuls of Poultry Tonic, mixing same with mash thoroughly, before the 
water or milk is added. 

Do not feed too much mash. While chickens are eating their mash scatter some 
oats in their scratching shed or litter. 

At noon, feed wheat. In the evening, feed corn. All grain should be fed in litter 
so as to encourage exercise. This is one of the essentials, as exercise gives a good 
appetite. Keep plenty of grits and fresh water constantly before the poultry. 

FOR FATTENING POULTRY. 

To fatten an animal or fowl, one must furnish a feed that is rich in car- 
bohydrates and fat, instead of being rich in protein, as carbohydrates and fats are 
changed to fat whenever the fowl is fed more than enough to keep it warm and keep 
It* strong enough to perform the work it has to do. This being the case, a fowl 
should be kept inactive as much as possible, so the food will go to fat instead of 
bone and muscle. 

Here is a good morning mash for fattening: Equal parts of oat meal and corn 
meal, mixed with sweet milk. Feed all they will eat up clean. To every gallon of 
the mash, add one tablespoonful of Poultry Tonic, and one-fourth pound cheap 
sugar. 

Feed cracked corn at noon, whole corn at night. Place fowl in slat bottom 
coop, that can be darkened with a curtain of some sort. Have a trough to place all 
the food in. 



FEEDING TURKEYS. 

Raising young turkeys is considered one of the most difficult things in poultry- 
dom. But with Poultry Tonic this is made easy. 

The first day's food should be the yolks of hard-boiled eggs, sprinkled with a 
small amount of Poultry Tonic. After this period feed up to the tenth week as fol- 
lows : Make cottage cheese from sour milk — make it dry. Mix one tablespoonful of 
Poultry Tonic to every pint of the cheese. Feed cheese mornings and noon, and 
hulled oats at night. 

In the summer time poultry get bugs, insects, worms, grass, etc. In the winter 
time, Poultry Tonic supplies all these elements in a concentrated form. To prevent 
diseases and avoid loss, feed Poultry Tonic the year round. 

"An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure." This is an old axiom and 
nowhere is it more applicable than in the poultry yard. Disease is usually the result 
of carelessness or lack of knowledge of how to care for poultry properly. Bear in 
mind, if our foregoing system is followed, there will be no disease. 



POULTRY DISEASES 



CATARRHAL OR DIPHTHERIC ROUP. 

Make a solution of one part of Disinfectall and two parts water (one drop 
to the ounce), and wash head, eyes, nostrils and throat thoroughly. Then apply 
Poultry Roup Paste by rubbing same into the nostrils, over head and comb, and well 
into the mouth. Feed nourishing soft food, reduce corn and increase meat foods. In 
order to effect a permanent cure, one must use a good tonic in connection with the 
above treatment. The best tonic extant is made by taking equal parts of wheat 
flour and Poultry Tonic, mixing same with just enough water so you can form it 



POULTRY DISEASES. 133 

into pills about size of a large pea, and administer one or two of these pills three 
times a day until a cure is effected. 
See Prescription No. 185, page 153. 



BRONCHIAL ROUP. 

Take a tail or wing feather, strip the web from it excepting just at the point. 
Dip feather into some Poultry Roup Paste, insert feather into the trachea (wind 
pipe) and give a quick turn. This is a delicate operation, but if you are careful there 
is no danger. 

See Prescription No. 186, page 153. 



CANKER. 

Associated with Roup, the symptoms being similar and the treatment the same. 

SYMPTOMS. 

A cheesy matter collects on the tongue, roof of the mouth and around the 
opening of the windpipe. Fowl usually breathe with mouth open. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply Disinfectall direct to the canker with a small brush or feather. Feed 
same as for Roup. 

See Prescription Xo. 187, page 153. 

CHICKEN POX. 

Caused by neglect or improper feed. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Small bunches of hard substances appear just under the skin on the comb, face 
and wattle, and in a short time they exude a liquid matter which dries and gives 
the head a scabby or scaly appearance. 

TREATMENT. 

Feed same as for Roup. Wash affected parts with a solution of one part of 
Disinfectall to nine parts of warm water, dry with a cloth and apply Poultry Roup 
Paste. 

See Prescription No. 188, page 153. 

CHOLERA. 

This disease is very often seen among poultry, although many diseases are 
diagnosed as such. The cause of this disease is filth. It is one of the most con- 
tagious diseases. At the first appearance of Cholera one should kill and burn the 
fowl to check spread of the disease. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Fowl has at first a watery discharge from bowels, lacking in color as the hours. 
go by. The bird sits around with its feathers ruffled, head and neck drawn up close 
to the body, eyes closed, is very feverish and thirsty. It is inclined to remain stand- 
ing just where it is. As the disease increases in violence the discharge increases, 
and the ability of the bird to move decreases. 

TREATMENT. 

Put one tablespoonful of Poultry Cholera Medicine to every quart of mash, feed 
twice a day until all symptoms of the disease disappear. If the fowl is unable to eat, 



134 POULTRY DISEASES. 

make pills of the Cholera Medicine by dampening it and administering one every 
four hours until a cure is effected. Follow up after a cure is effected by using 
Poultry Tonic in your regular feed. 
See Prescription No. 189, page 153. 

GAPES. 

This is a parasitic disease prevalent among chicks. The worm that causes the 
disease is hatched from an egg containing embryo, and they attach themselves to the 
lining of the windpipe. They live and flourish until they become so numerous as to 
choke the chick, if nothing is done to hinder their progress. 

SYMPTOMS. 

The chicks go around with their mouths open, gasping for breath and making a 
gasping noise. Feed Poultry Tonic to your chicks and keep them free from lice, and 
they will never have Gapes. In case the chicks already have them, use the same treat- 
ment as for Bronchial Roup. 

See Prescription No. 192, page 153. 

CROP BOUND. 

Impaction of the crop is a condition known to many poultrymen. This is caused 
by the retention and swelling of grain by the accumulation of dead gases or by some 
obstruction of the outlet of the crop. It is also caused by poor digestion, and occasion* 
ally a bird has had a fast, then when allowed all it will eat it stuffs its crop to the 
utmost capacity. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Swelled crop. Fowl stretches its neck occasionally as though choked or trying to 
swallow. 

TREATMENT. 

Take ordinary baking soda (saleratus), dissolve a tablespoonful in one pint of 
warm rain water, flush crop by pouring the water down the fowl's throat. Knead 
crop gently between thumb and finger until the mass is broken up. Tie fowl by feet, 
lay its head downward, hold mouth open, work crop gently, and in this manner the 
crop may be emptied. In extreme cases, the knife must be resorted to, and when this 
is done the incision should be as high up as possible. After the mass is taken out, the 
opening should be sewed. Feed nothing but soft feed for eight or ten days, and a mix- 
ture of Poultry Tonic. It is a rare case when the fowl dies from the operation. 

See Prescription No. 190, page 153. 

DIARRHOEA 

In chickens and adult fowls is caused from too coarse food, filthy water, improper 
temperature, etc. 

SYMPTOMS. 
Discharge or looseness of the bowels. 

TREATMENT. 

Use Poultry Cholera Medicine as prescribed for Cholera, using half the amount 
for chicks. 

See Prescription No. 191, page 153. 



POULTRY DISEASES. 135 

LEG WEAKNESS. 

Caused from in-breeding, lack of nourishing food, overcrowding, damp quarters 
and sometimes from too wide a perch to roost upon. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Unsteady gait. Bird will attempt to walk and topple over, either forward or back- 
ward, and in advance stages is wholly unable to walk. The feet and legs become 
feverish and dry. 

TREATMENT. 

Rub legs with Oil of Camphor and add fifteen grains of Iodide of Potassium to 
every quart of drinking water. Feed nourishing food, containing double the amount of 
Poultry Tonic that is usually given. 

See Prescription No. 193, page 153. 

LICE. 

These pests are the cause of more deaths among poultry than any disease. In fact, 
they are the cause of many of the diseases and ailments among poultry. One must 
wage a constant war against vermin to keep the fowls free from them. 

To keep the fowls free from vermin the following method should be followed : 
To every gallon of whitewash add one-fourth pint of Disinfectall. Whitewash 
inside of poultry house and nests. Use Disinfectall in its purity on the roosts and 
dropping boards. Apply same with a paint brush or spray pump. Dust the poultry 
thoroughly with Diolice Powder, and the most effective way of doing this, if you have 
no machine, is to place fowls' legs between your knees, the head toward your body, raise 
the feathers with your left hand and dust the powder with right, being careful that the 
powder gets to the skin. 

To keep the air pure and healthful in your poultry house all the time, fill a burlap 
bag with shavings or excelsior thoroughly saturated with Disinfectall and hang the 
same in poultry house. 

See Prescription No. 194, page 153. 

MOULTING. 

This is not a disease, but may be touched on just here. This change takes place 
once a year and if properly cared for, poultry will begin to moult in late summer. Then 
by early winter they will be through, and will have their entire coat of new feathers, 
and be ready to start in on their winter lay of eggs. This is a vital period for the hen, 
and it is important that she should be fed Poultry Tonic, as there is nothing better to 
aid in the growing of new feathers. 

See Prescription No. 195, page 154. 

PIP. 

Caused by the fowl being in a feverish condition. 

SYMPTOMS. 
The tongue becomes very dry and parched, the point of it becoming almost like 
horn. 

TREATMENT. 
Give fowl two drop dose of tincture of aconite every two hours until the sixth dose 
has been given. Use same treatment in connection as prescribed for Diphtheric Roup. 
See Prescription No. 196, page 154. 



.36 POULTRY DISEASES. 

ROUP. 

This is a disease that conies from sudden changes of the weather or may be due 
to birds being exposed to drafts. It may be the result of hereditary tendencies, 
overcrowding, contagion, filth, etc. 

There are several forms of Roup, known as Catarrhal, Diphtheric, Cankerous, 
Bronchial and Pulmonic. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Sneezing, discharge of the nostrils, difficult breathing, wheezing, rattling in the 
throat. Any one or several of these symptoms may be present, accompanied by a 
bad odor ahout the nostrils or mouth. Fowls thus affected want to sleep most of 
the time with the heads under the wings. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply Roup Paste three times daily to nostrils, head, comb and wattles and 
place a little of it in the mouth and throat by the use of a stiff feather. Better 
results can be obtained if head is washed and throat swabed with a mild solution 
of disinfectant. If there he a canker use a disinfectant full strength. When canker 
is killed "remove with a flat stick and then apply the Poultry Roup Paste. 

PREVENTIVE. 

All birds affected as above should be separated from the rest of the flock and the 
premises should be given a thorough cleaning and disinfecting. Especially should 
the drinking vessels and feed troughs be carefully attended to. To prevent the 
spread of the disease, use a teaspoonful of Disinfectall to every gallon of drinking 
water, also use Poultry Tonic, giving twice the amount prescribed for ordinary 
use. 

See Prescription No. 197, page 154. 

SCALY LEGS. 

Caused from a small parasite propagated by filth, burrowing under the scales on 
the legs. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Legs are very rough and unsightly. 

TREATMENT. 

Apply kerosene to the affected parts, then anoint with lard or vaseline. 

WORMS. 

There are more than a dozen different kinds of worms that infest domestic 
fowls, yet there are but three that are common enough to warrant suggesting means 
of getting rid of them. They are the tape-worm, round-worm and pin-worm. 
The tape-worms are jointed, the same as are found in man, only much smaller. 
They have small hooks arranged so that they cling to the wall of the bowels and 
thus subsist on the nourishing elements of the food found there. Round-worms 
take their name from their appearance. They are seldom passed in the droppings. 
They multiply very rapidly and are often present in great numbers. Pin or thread 
worms are very small, being about the size of a thread, white in color, and from 
one-half to one inch in length. These are quite often found in the gizzard, having 
eaten through the lining and into the gizzard proper. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Symptoms of the different worms are essentially the same. Indigestion, some- 
times accompanied by looseness of the bowels. Fowls sit around, draw up, 
feathers ruffled, comb becomes pale, fowl feverish. The surest sign is where the 
fowl "goes light," i. e., eats well but seems to gain no weight, and in fact decreases 
in weight all the time. 



POULTRY POINTERS, 



137 



TREATMENT. 

Let the birds fast for twenty-four hours, then feed a bran mash twice a day, to 
which lias been added some Worm Powder for Poultry. Use one tablespoonful to 
twenty-five head of poultry. 

As a preventive, use one-half of the amount once every two weeks. 

In extreme cases, coop the bird and do not feed it for twenty-four hours. Make 
a pill about the size of a pea from Worm Powder, and give to the fowl. Give light 
feed of bran mash, and in three hours give the bird a teaspoonful of Epsom Salts 
dissolved in water. 

See 'Prescription No. 198, page 154. 

POULTRY POINTERS. 

Do not overfeed. 

Vermin, filth and lice propagate disease. 

Diolice keeps out vermin. 

Always dust a hen thoroughly with Diolice before setting her on eggs. 

Supply your poultry with green food in winter, by feeding cabbage, beets, ruta- 
bagas, etc. 

Feed a variety. Your poultry tire of one food, just the same as you do. 

See that all the cracks in your poultry house are stopped up before winter 
sets in, as the draft from a nail hole will do more damage than an open window. 

Poultry Roup Paste is a positive cure for Roup, Canker, Cold, etc. 

Supply your poultry with plenty of fresh water, good grits, and keep dust box 
well filled. 

Clean your poultry house every morning, if possible, and be systematic in your 
feeding. 

Poultry Cholera Medicine never fails. 

Keep the poultry house sweet and clean by the use of Disinfectall. 



SIDE HILL FARM 




These three cows, by giving Dr. David Roberts' Stokvigor, give sufficient milk 

for two families, and the balance brought $31.88 at the creamery during 

one month.— J. P. Hoffman & Son, Prairie Farm, Wisconsin. 



138 




DR. DAVID ROBERTS' 
MEDICATED SALT 



PRICES 

Put up in 100 pound bags. 

100 lbs $ 5.00 1,000 lbs $45.00 

500 lbs 23.00 1,500 lbs 65.00 

2,000 lbs $85.00 

F. O. B. Waukesha, Wis. 




Every animal must have, and will consume if permitted, a reasonable 
amount of salt; either daily or at frequent intervals, as nature demands. 

When we stop and consider that all domestic animals are kept under 
artificial conditions to a certain extent, depriving them of an opportunity of 
using their wild animal instinct, which in itself would protect them in a 
large measure from many of the diseases they are now heir to, we can readily 
understand that when they are deprived of this liberty they are more suscepti- 
ble to disease. 

The bison, the wild horse, the Rocky Mountain sheep, and the wild boar 
require no special care in preventing or overcoming disease. They find their 
own preventives and curatives in the native wilds. 

Owing to the fact that our domestic or farm animals are deprived of this 
opportunity, we must, in order to obtain the best results, supply them with 
such ingredients as they would obtain had they been given their freedom. 

It is for this reason that I have prepared a MEDICATED SALT which 
contains roots, barks and herbs, and when placed where our domestic animals 
may have free access to it daily, prevents disease and loss to an unlimited 
extent. 

MEDICATED SALT aids digestion and assimilation, prevents fermenta- 
tion, is healing and soothing to the mucous membrane of the digestive organs; 
at the same time it has a tendency to destroy, stupefy, and expel worms of all 
descriptions, thereby enabling the animal to derive a greater benefit from the 
food which it consumes, thus enabling it to develop into a strong, healthy, 
vigorous, profitable animal. 



How to Make Your Own Stock Tonic at Home 

ByDR. DAVIDROBERTS 
Cattle Specialist 

The Originator of Condensed Stock Tonic. 



IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY STOCK, 
It is a well-known fact that successful stock raising and dairying depend entirely 
upon the health and condition of your animals. If they be in a strong, healthy condi- 
tion this is evidence that they are digesting and assimilating all the feed that they con- 
sume. A milch cow requires a certain percentage of the feed she eats to sustain her, 
the balance should go to the milk pail. This will be the case if she is in a good, 
healthy condition and digesting and assimilating her feed. 

NATURE'S CARE OF THE COW. 
A cow at pasture depends entirely upon nature to supply and regulate her feed and 
it is during this season of the year that a cow produces the greatest amount of milk. 
This is because she is furnished with such ingredients as are required by nature to per- 
fectly digest and assimilate her feed. She can only receive the feed that nature has 
provided for her, in its natural condition, during the grass season. 

COW UNDERGOES GREAT CHANGE. 
At the close of the grass season the cow is compelled to go into winter quarters, 
thereby undergoing a great change as to sunlight, fresh air, water, exercise and feed. 
While being in her winter quarters she is to a certain extent deprived of sunlight, and 
sometimes fresh air. She is usually watered at stated intervals. While at pasture she 
can partake of water in such quantity and at such time as she desires, the temperature 
of which is regulated by nature. This is a great advantage over the ice cold water 
which she is oftentimes compelled to drink or go without until the following day, at 
which time she is so thirsty that she is apt to partake so freely of cold water as to 
cause a chilling of the digestive organs, thus causing indigestion. Another common 
cause of indigestion is the lack of exercise. During the winter months, while a cow is 
shut in the stable so much of the time, it is impossible for her to get the exercise which 
it is her nature to have and which she gets during the summer months, while going to 
and from and roaming in the pasture while hunting her feed. The last and greatest 
cause of indigestion is the great and complete change that the cow is compelled to un- 
dergo, when required to change from the feed which nature provides in its natural 
form to the dry, fibrous and hard to digest fodders, which it is necessary that she be 
fed upon, not only to sustain her, but also to make a profit for her owner. 

A WINTER PROFIT PRODUCER. 
If a cow during the winter months can be made a profit producer, it can only be 
done by furnishing her with something to stimulate her digestive organs and keep them 



140 HOW TO MAKE YOl;R OWN STOCK TONIC AT HOME. 

in a healthy condition, so 'hat she mty thoroughly digest and assimilate (he feed th..r 
she eats. This ;an be done by adding to her regular ration such ingredients as she in.iy 
need to tone up her system and thereby furnish her with a substitute for nature. A cuw 
can produce more by receiving little feed and digesting it well, than by receiving lots 
of feed and only digesting part of it. 

MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC. 

A good Stock Tonic can be prepared at home at very small cost and fed to a herd 
so that the saving of feed will pay for the Stock Tonic, and the increase in milk aud 
the health of the herd will be clear gain, the latter being a very essential and important 
thing to consider. If this alone was the only benefit derived by feeding the Stock Tonic, 
it would be considered a good investment. This Stock Tonic is not only a bone and 
muscle builder, a flesh and milk producer, but is also valuable as a health preserver 
and a preventive of disease. 

ONE DISEASED COW ENDANGERS THE WHOLE HERD. 

It is a well-known fact that a cow in a run-down condition js a hotbed for the 
germs of disease to lay hold on and multiply, not only becoming a dead loss to the 
owner, but endangering the health of the whole herd. From this source many infec- 
tious diseases originate in herds and in this manner cause great loss to the owner. 

A COW'S YEARS OF USEFULNESS PROLONGED. 

Every dairyman owes it to himself to see that his cows are kept up to the highest 
point of productiveness. He should not be satisfied with the amount of milk that he is 
getting from a cow until he knows that she cannot be made to give any more. A cow 
can be kept up to her highest point of productiveness for many years, provided she di- 
gests and assimilates her food ; on the other hand, when she fails to properly digest 
and assimilate her food her years of usefulness are very much shortened. A cow is 
similar to a machine, the more you feed the more she produces, the better care she 
receives, the longer she lasts — this Tonic to a cow is as oil to a machine. Therefore, 
when you have a good cow, why not take proper care of her and make her last for years 
in service instead of neglecting her, thereby shortening her period of usefulness, making 
it necessary to replace her with another cow which you are not sure is going to be a 
profit producer? In replacing a neglected cow which might otherwise be good for 
many years you are not only taking chances on getting a profit producer, but you are 
also taking chances on introducing into your herd, with every -new cow you buy, dis- 
eases which might cause you great loss. 

DISPOSE OF NON-PROFIT PRODUCERS. 

If you have a number of cows in your herd which have passed the years of useful- 
ness, dispose of them and give the balance of your herd the attention necessary to enable 
them to give the richest, highest test and largest flow of milk that it is possible for them 
to produce. 

In disposing of the cows in your herd that have proved themselves to be non-profit 
produces and those that have passed their years of usefulness, and bringing the balance 
of your herd up to the highest degree of productiveness you are getting and saving all 
the profits from your herd, instead of putting part of the profit back in feeding and 
caring for the cows that have proved themselves to be non-profit producers, and those 



HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC AT HOME. 141 

that have passed their age of usefulness. A few cows well kept are more profitable 
than a larger number poorly kept. 

QUICK MONEY IN BEEF. 

Beef cattle should be given such attention as to cause them to fatten quickly, 
shorten the feeding period and produce the highest and best grade of beef that is 
possible to be produced. To obtain these results, the best of attention should be given 
to. them and such ingredients added to their feed as to cause perfect digestion and 
assimilation, thus enabling the animal to obtain a larger per cent of flesh and fat- 
forming elements from a certain amount of grain. 

HEALTHY INDIVIDUALS. 

To be successful in the breeding of cattle, and especially show cattle, much atten- 
tion should be given in order to produce strong, robust, healthy, superior individuals. 
In order to expect this the calf from the moment that it drops should receive proper 
care and such food as will be digested and assimilated so as not to overtax the 
digestive organs. To avoid this, such ingredients should be added to the feed as 
will aid digestion and assimilation, thus causing rapid development of bone and 
muscle and the result will be a perfect animal. 

PROFIT SAVED. 
Profit can be made easy and saved by the regular use of a good Stock Tonic, 
in the form of pure, unadulterated Stock Tonic, which you can make at home 
and know positively that it is absolutely pure. 

WHERE YOUR PROFITS GO. 
All the bulky portions of Stock Tonic are products of the farm. You raise these 
products and sell them to your buyer ; he then in turn sells them to the large grain 
dealer at a profit. The large grain dealer sells to the buyers for the different mills 
at a profit. In these mills your products are ground up, sold and shipped to the 
Stock Tonic factories at a profit, where it is medicated, then put up in packages and 
pails and labeled Stock Tonic. It is then sold to the wholesaler at a profit. The 
wholesaler sells to the retailer at a profit, and you buy from the retailer, paying 
him a profit. You, being the consumer, must pay all these different profits, together 
with all freight charges. These freight charges, where the goods are shipped so 
many times, amount to considerable, for each time that the goods change hands a 
new freight charge is made and they are most all made for short hauls, and you 
well know that a number of short haul charges amount to more than one single 
long haul. 

HOW TO SAVE YOUR PROFIT. 
You can save the middleman's profit and the freight charges from one dealer to 
another on your products and back to the farm by buying your ground flaxseed from 
your home dealer in such quantities as to assure you of getting it at a reasonable 
price, or better still, buy or raise your own flaxseed and grind it yourself if you 
have a mill; if not, have it ground at your nearest home mill. You are then sure 
that you are getting the very best and purest ground flaxseed meal that can be 
had. By adding to this ground flaxseed meal such roots, barks, herbs and seeds 
as nature demands for stock, you have a complete and perfect tonic in the form 
of a pure Stock Tonic. By feeding this Stock Tonic to your cattle in small quanti- 



142 HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC AT HOME. 

ties with their regular feed you will keep their digestive organs in good condition, 
so that they can thoroughly digest and assimilate their feed, which will enable them 
to produce you a profit and also to keep in a sleek, healthy condition. This, when 
given to a milch cow, will cause her to give the richest and greatest flow of milk- 
that it is possible for her to give. 

When given to beef cattle with proper feed it will enable them to obtain a larger 
percentage of flesh and fat-forming elements from a certain amount of grain, causing 
them to fatten quickly, thus shortening the feeding period and producing the highest and 
best quality of beef possible to be produced. 

If you are in the breeding business, not only the prices which you can demand, but 
also your sales depend upon the strong, robsut and healthy appearance of your stock. 

HOW TO MAKE YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC AT HOME. 

To prepare your own Stock Tonic at home, it is only necessary for you to have the 
medical parts (such as powdered roots, barks, herbs and seeds) to mix with the ground 
flaxseed meal. These powders we can furnish you at the lowest cost and with a perfect 
guarantee of purity. 

We buy our roots, barks, herbs and seeds direct from the drug mills in large quan- 
tities, thereby getting the very lowest prices possible. They are shipped direct to our 
factory under a positive guarantee that they are absolutely pure. They are then care- 
fully and scientifically mixed and placed in sealed cans, the contents of which we guar- 
antee to be absolutely pure. This is the Stokvigor, by the use of which you are 
enabled to make an absolutely pure Stock Tonic. 

DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC. 

Dr. David Roberts' Stokvigor, 2 pounds. 

Ground Flaxseed Meal, 25 pounds. 

Place such amount of Ground Flaxseed Meal as you wish to use in large shal- 
low box, spread over it the Stockvigor, in the proportion of 2 pounds to each 25 
pounds of Ground Flaxseed Meal. Then with a hoe or shovel turn back and 
forth five or six times, or until the Stokvigor is thoroughly mixed with the 
Ground Flaxseed Meal. 

DIRECTIONS FOR FEEDING YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC. 

For milch cows — Give two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed of any kind. 

For fattening steers or show cattle — Give two or three tablespoonfuls twice daily 
in feed. 

For raising or fattening calves — One teaspoonful twice daily in feed or milk. 

For horses — Give two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed of any kind. 

For brood mares — Give two or three tablespoonfuls twice daily in food. 

For colts — Give one or two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed. 

For hogs — For every pig of 50 pounds or less give one teaspoonful twice daily in 
feed or milk. For hogs over that weight give one tablespoonful twice daily in feed. 

For brood sows, suckling pigs — Give two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed. 

For sheep — Give two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed. 

For fattening sheep — Give two tablespoonfuls twice daily in feed. 

This Stock Tonic will aid digestion, increase the flow of milk, save milk in raising 
calves, keep hogs healthy and fatten them quickly, sleeken and fatten horses. It is a 
bone and muscle builder and for this reason all young stock as well as matured animals 
should receive it. 



STOCKMEN ENDORSE CONDENSED STOCK TONIC. 143 

Calves and pigs receiving skim or separator milk should be given this Stock Tonic, 
as it aids digestion and prevents scours. Medicate all salts given stock. 

Two pounds of Condensed Stock Tonic mixed thoroughly with 25 pounds of salt 
and put in troughs in a sheltered place where the cows can have free access to it in 
passing to and from the pasture will keep them in a healthy condition. 

This stock tonic is prepared especially for cattle, but has been used with such good 
results on other stock that we do not hesitate to recommend its use for all animals. 



Successful Stockmen Highly Endorse Dr. David Roberts' 
Stokvigor. 

Stockmen everywhere are warm in their praise of Dr. David Roberts' Condensed 
Stock Tonic, which not only has the advantage of greater economy than Stock Tonics 
of large bulk, but is backed by the reputation of one of the greatest living veterinarians, 
under whose personal direction it is prepared. 



WISCONSIN INDUSTRIAL SCHOOL MAKES TEST— GIVES STRONG 

ENDORSEMENT. 

We gave your Stock Tonic a fair trial on all our horses and half of our herd of 
Holstein cows, and the difference between those receiving the tonic and those not receiv- 
ing it was very marked, the former being very sleek and thrifiy. After this experiment 
we feel we cannot speak too highly of your tonic, and take pleasure in recommending 
it to all in need of a first-class stock tonic. 

Wisconsin Industrial School. 
Per K. C. Dousman, Supt. Stock Dept, Waukesha. 

DROPS ALL OTHER FOODS AND USES DR. DAVID ROBERTS' 

STOKVIGOR. 

Monroe, Iowa.. 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir : — Enclosed find draft for which please ship to Prairie City, by freight, 
one dozen packages of your Stokvigor. 

After giving your tonic several tests I am ready to recommend it to others. I 
have used stock tonics at different times for the past eight years and some of the 
best I could get, but I must admit I got much the best results from yours. I am 
feeding nine calves on separator milk and adding your Stock Tonic, and they are 
doing fine, as good as some that are sucking the cow and no stock tonic. 

I have fed it to fattening hogs, to sows and to pigs with excellent results, 
better than anything I ever tried. I also had a chance to give it a severe test on my 
horses, especially on our family horse. She got in bad shape, coat of hair was 
rough, and she was not doing well. I fed her two different makes of stock tonic 
at different times, but did not help her. Last spring I fed yours to all my horses, 
her with the rest, and it caused her to shed off and get a nice coat of hair, and get 
fat so that several of the neighbors mentioned to me how well she was doing 
now. I used the oil meal to mix with it to save expense. I also mixed your tonic 
with salt and fed it to my cattle when I turned them out on pure clover pasture 
that had a good growth and not one bloated. I shall drop all other tonics and use 
yours. Truly yours, 

C. Fahrney. 



144 










_i//t€/ 7mu/Mj/faZyke6ss/ia/<j^# •n/c? 



/UZ//&4 Kov. 20th., 1903. 

Dr. D. Roberts, 

City, 
you ask if you can rafer to this Bank in placing before the public 
your Veterinary Remedies . 

Most certainly you can. One who can concoct remedies which evident- 
ly gives great relief to the distressed dumo animal, is entitled to be 
called a benefactor. 

your testimonials, which I have seen, from stock raisers, not only 
In the United States, but from Europe as well, are conclusive evidence 
as to the value of your remedies. 

Your record and. manly efforts command approbation. If this short 
letter is of any service to you, then use it. 

Sincerely yours, 




^tf^C^k*, 



v 6h£~ 



"YOU HAVE STRUCK THE KEYNOTE!" 
Dr. David Roberts, Waukesha, Wis. 

Dear Sir: — I have used your Stokvigor with highly satisfactory results. Think 
you have struck the keynote, as there is no chance for adulteration where a stock- 
man buys the ingredients of a stock tonic and mixes them himself. 

Yours truly, 

R W. HARDING. 



PRESCRIPTIONS 



CATTLE 



ABORTION IN CATTLE. 
R No. 1. 

Anti- Abortion 
Hypodermic Syringe 
Antisepto 
Disinfectall 

Flushing Outfit 

AFTERBIRTH— RETENTION 
PREVENTIVE. 
R No. 2. 

Breeding Tonic 
AFTERBIRTH RETAINED 
R No. 3. 

Cow Cleaner 
Antisepto 

ABSCESS. 
R No. 4. 

Antiseptic Poultice 
Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 

ANTHRAX. 
R No. 5. 
Anthrax Vaccine 
APPETITE DEPRAVED. 
R No. 6. 
Cow Tonic 
Stokvigor 

BARRENNESS 

R No. 7. 
Breeding Tonic 
Antisepto 
Flushing Outfit 
Womb Sound 
Womb Dilator 

BLOATING. 
R No. 8. 

Laxotonic 

BLACK LEG. 
R No. 9. 

Black Leg Vaccine 

BLOOD POISONING. 
R No. 10. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Fever Paste 

BOILS. 

R No. 11. 

Antiseptic Poultice 
Healing Oil 

BRONCHITIS. 
R No. 12. 
Fever Paste 
Laxotonic 
Cow Tonic 
White Liniment 



CALF CHOLERA. 
R No. 13. 

Calf Cholera Remedy 
Disinfectall 

CALF INDIGESTION. 
R No. 14. 

Laxotonic 

Calf Cholera Remedy 

CONSTIPATION IN CALVES 

R No. 15. 

Castor Oil 
Laxotonic 

CALVING. 

R No. 16. 
Laxontoic 
Umbilicure 

CLEANING. 
R No. 17. 
Cow Cleaner 
Antisepto 

CASTING THE WITHERS. 
R No. 18. 

Antisepto 
Laxotonic 
Cow Tonic 

CASTRATING. 
R No. 19. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 

CATARRHAL FEVER OR PINK 
EYE. 

R No. 20. 

Antisepto 
Eye Lotion 
Fever Paste 
Cow Tonic 
Disinfectall 

CHOKING. 

R No. 21. 
Half Pint Raw Linseed Oil 
Laxotonic 

COLD. 

R No. 22. 

White Liniment 
Fever Paste 
Laxotonic 

COLIC OR CRAMPS. 
R No. 23. 

Laxotonic 

CONSTIPATION OR STOPPAGE 
OF THE BOWELS IN CATTLE. 
R No. 24. 
Laxotonic 



146 



PRESCRIPTIONS. 



COW POX. 

R No. 25. 

Cow Tonic 
Badger Balm 
Germ Killer 

DEHORNING. 
R No. 26. 
Horn Killer 

or 
Dehorning Clipper 
Healing Oil 

DIARRHOEA IN CATTLE. 
R No. 27. 

Cow Tonic 

Calf Cholera Remedy 

EYE DISEASE. 
R No. 28. 

Antisepto 
Eye Lotion 
Stokvigor 

FEVERS. 

R No. 29. 

Fever Thermometer 
Fever Paste 
Laxotonic 
White Liniment 

FISTULAS. 
R No. 30. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 
Cow Tonic 

FOOT DISEASE OR SORE FEET 
IN CATTLE. 
R No. 31. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Lotion 
Healing Oil 
Antiseptic Poultice 

FOUNDER. 
R No. 32. 

Laxotonic 
Fever Paste 
Antiseptic Poultice 

FROST BITES. 

R No. 33. 
Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 

GARGET-CAKED UDDER OR 
INFECTIOUS MAMMITIS. 
R No. 34. 

Cow Tonic 
Badger Balm 
White Liniment 

(In severe cases use in addition.) 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Germ Killer 
Disinfectall 

GENITAL DISEASE. 
R No. 35. 
Cow Cleaner 
Antisepto 

GONORRHOEA IN BULLS. 
R No. 36. 

Antisepto 



GRASS STAGGERS. 

R No. 37. 
Laxotonic 

GRUBS OR WARBLES IN SKIN 
OF CATTLE. 
R No. 38. 

Healing Oil 

HARD MILKERS. 
R No. 39. 

Germ Killer 
Teat Plug 
Badger Balm 

INDIGESTION. 
R No. 40. 

Cow Tonic 
Laxotonic 

INFLAMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
R No. '41. 
Fever Paste 
White Liniment 
Laxotonic 

INFLAMMATION OF THE 
WOMB. 

R No. 42. 

Fever Paste 

Antisepto 

Laxotonic 

INFLAMMATION OF THE 
UDDER. 

R No. 43. 

Cow Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 
White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 

INFLAMMATION OF THE 
TESTICLES. 
R No. 44. 

Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Cow Tonic 

INFLAMMATION OF THE 
TONGUE. 

R No. 45. 

Fever Paste 
• Antiseptic Poultice 

INFLAMMATION OF THE 
JOINTS. 

R No. 46. 

Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

ITCH. 

R No. 47. 

Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 
Cow Tonic 



PRESCRIPTIONS. 



147 



LEUCORRHOEA OR WHITES. 
R No. 48. 

Cow Tonic 
Antisepto 

LUNG FEVER. 
R No. 41. 
Fever Paste 
White Liniment 
Laxotonic 

LUMP JAW OR ACTINOMY- 
COSIS. 

R No. 49. 

Absorbent 
Cow Tonic 

MAMMITIS. 
R No. 34. 

Cow Tonic 

Badger Balm 

White Liniment 

(In severe cases use in addition 

Antiseptic Poultice) 

Germ Killer 

Disinfectall 

MILK BLUE. 
R No. 50. 

Cow Tonic 

MILK FEVER OR PARTURIENT 
PARESIS. 

R No. 51. 

Germ Killer 

Milk Fever Remedy 

Milk Fever Injector 

Laxotonic 

Cow Tonic 

MILK BLOODY OR STRINGY. 
R No. 52. 

Cow Tonic 

NAVEL DISEASES OF CALVES. 
R No. 53. 

Umbilicure 

PARALYSIS OF THE BOWELS. 
R No. 54. 

Laxotonic 

PARALYSIS OF THE HIND 
PARTS. 

R No. 55. 

Laxotonic 
White Liniment 

PINK EYE. 
R No. 20. 

Antlsopto 
Eye Lotion 
Fever Paste 
Cow Tonic 
Disinfectall 

RED WATER IN CATTLE. 
R No. 56. 
Kidney Aid 



RHEUMATISM. 
R No. 57. 

Cow Tonic 
White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 

RINGING BULLS. 
R No. 58. 
Healing Oil 

RINGWORM. 
R No. 59. 
•Cow Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 

SCOURS IN CALVES. 
R No. 13. 

Calf Cholera Remedy 
Disinfectall 

SKIN DISEASE. 
R No. 60. 

Cow Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 

SLOBBERING. 

R No. 61. 
Fever Paste 
Laxotonic 

SORE MOUTH. 
R No. 62. 

Antisepto 
Fever Paste 

SORE THROAT. 

R No. 63. 
Fever Paste 
White Liniment 
Laxotonic 
Antiseptic Poultice ' 

SPRAINS. 

R No. 64. 

Germ Killer 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Lucky Four Blister 

SUNSTROKE OR OVER- 
HEATED. 

R No. 65. 

Fever Pasted 

vVhiskey 

SUPPRESSION OF MILK. 
R No. 66. 

Cow Tonic 

SURGICAL OPERATIONS. 
R No. 67. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 

TEAT STOPPAGE OR STRIC 
TURE. 

R No. 68. 

Germ Killer 
Teat Plug 
Badger Balm 
Teat Expander 
Teat Bistoury 



148 



PRESCRIPTIONS 



TEAT SORE. 
, R No. 69. 
Badger Balm 

TEAT WARTS. 
R No. 70. 

Wartine 

TUBERCULOSIS IN CATTLE. 

R No. 71. 

Testing Outfit Complete 
Disinfectall 

TUMORS. 

R No. 72. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 

TICKS. 

R No. 73. 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 
Cow Tonic 



ULCERS. 

R No. 74. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 

URINE RETAINED. 

R No. 75. 

Catheter 

VOMITING. 

R No. 76. 
Cow Tonic 
Laxotonic 

Stokvigor 

WARTS. 

R No. 77. 
Wartine 
Healing Lotion 

WOUNDS. 

R No. 78. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Lotion 
llealiuu- Oil 



HORSES 



ABORTION IN MARES OR 
SLINKING OF THE FOAL 

R No. 79. 

Breeding Tonic 
Antisepto 
Flushing Outfit 

ABSCESS. 

R No. 80. 

Germ Killer 

Healing Lotion 

(In severe cases use in addition.) 

Physic Ball 

Horse Tonic 

Antiseptic Poultice 

Healing Oil 

ASTHMA OR HEAVES. 

R No. 81. 

Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Heave Powder 

AZOTURIA OR PARALYSIS OF 

THE HIND PARTS. 

R No. 82. 

Colic Drench 
Kidney Aid 

BARRENNESS IN MARES. 

R No. 83. 

Breeding Tonic 
Antisepto 
Flushing Outfit 

BLOATING. 
R No. 84. 

Colic Drench 

(In severe cases use in addition.) 

Trocar 

Germ Killer 

Healing Oil 



BLOOD POISONING 

R No. 10. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 

BOG SPAVIN. 
R No. 85. 

Absorbent 

BONE SPAVIN. 
R No. 86. 
Bone Blister 

BROKEN KNEE. 
R- No. 87. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 

BROKEN WIND. 

R No. 88. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Heave Powder 

BRONCHITIS. 
R No. 89. 

Fever Paste 
White Unimeut 
Laxotonic 

BRUISES. 

R No. 90. 

Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

BRUISES OF THE FROG. 
R No. 91. 
Antiseptic Poultice 



PRESCRIPTIONS 149 

BURNS AND SCALDS. CORNS. 

R No. 92. R No. 103. 

Healing Oil Antiseptic Poultice 

Badger Balm Absorbent 
Antiseptic Poultice 

COUGHS. 

CALK WOUNDS. R *' 

R No. 93. $ No - 104 ' 

C, „.„ Physic Ball 

Germ Killer White Llniment 

Healing Oil Fever Paste 

Healing Lotion 

Antiseptic Poultice CRACKED HEELS. 

CAPPED ELBOW OR SHO'« $ No. 105. 

BOIL. Physic Ball 

R No. 94. Horse Tonic 

Germ Killer Badger Balm 

Healing Oil 

Absorbent CRAMPS OF JOINTS. 

CAPPED KNEE. # No - 106 - 

R No. 95. White Liniment 

Absorbent r>TTr>r> 

Bone Blister CUKU. 

CAPPED HOCK. ii^e'pti^Pou.tice 

R Wo. 95. Bone Blister 

Absorbent Absorbent 
Bone Blister 

DISTEMPER. 

CASTRATION OR CUTTIi;^ R No. 97. 

COLTS. Physic Ball 

R No. 96. White Liniment 

Germ Killer Antiseptic Poultice 

Healing Oil Fever Paste 

Horse Tonic 

CATARRHAL FEVER OR PINK Germ Killer 

EYE V, XT n>T DIARRHOEA. 

Physic Ball $ No - 108 " 

White Liniment Horse Tonic 

Antiseptic Poultice Calf Cholera Remedy 

Fever Paste 

Horse Tonic DROPSY 

Germ Killer _. ._ 

R No. 109. 

CHOKING. Physic Ball 

R No. 98. . Horse Tonic 

Co r i e ic C D? e g nch° 0k DYSENTERY. 

R No. 110. 

COCKED ANKLES. Horse Tonic 

R No. 99. Calf Cholera Remedy 

White Liniment ECZEMA. 

f,OLD IN THE HEAD. R No. 111. 

R No. 100. Physic Ball 

White Liniment r wm KH W 

p» v «. Pnetp derm Kiliei 

Ho V r e se Tonic Cki ° ° intoeut 

COLIC. EYE INFLAMMATION. 

R No. 101. 5 No. 112. 

Drenching Hook Eve Lotion 
Colic Drench 

FEVER 

CONSTIPATION. $ No 113 . 

R No. 102. Pbysic Ball 

Physic Ball Fever Paste 



150 PRESCRIPTIONS. 



FISTULA. 


KIDNEY DISEASE. 




R No. 114. 


R No. 125. 




Antiseptic Poultice 


Physic Ball 




Lucky Four Blister 


Kidney Aid 




Germ Killer 






Healing Lotion 


LAMENESS. 
R No. 126. 




FLIES. 

R No. 115. 


Antiseptic Poultice 




Absorbent or Bone 


Blister 


Fly Oil 








DEEP SEATED LAM 


FOALING. 


R No. 127. 




R No. 116. 


Lucky Four Blister 




Umbilicure 


Germ Killer 
Antiseptic Poultice 




FOUNDER. 


Healing Oil 




R No. 117. 


LARYNGITIS. 




Physic Ball 
Fever Paste 


R No. 128. 




Horse Tonic 


Fever Paste 




Antiseptic Poultice 


White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 




GLANDERS. 


Horse Tonic 




R No. 118. 


Germ Killer 




Mallien 


LUECORRHOEA. 




GREASE HEEL. 


R No. 129. 




R No. 119. 


Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 




Physic Ball 


Antisepto 




Horse Tonic 






Badger Balm 


LICE. 




Antiseptic Poultice 
Germ Killer 


R No. 130. 
Diolice 




HARNESS OF COLLAR GALLS. 






R No. 120. 


LUNG FEVER. 




Healing Oil 


R No. 131. 




Germ Killer 


White Liniment 




Healing Lotion 


Fever Paste 
Horse Tonic 




HEAVES. 


Germ Killer 




R No. 81. 


LYMPHANGITIS. 




Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 


R No. 132. 




Heave Powder 


Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 




HIPPED. 


Fever Paste 




R No. 121. 


Badger Balm 




Badger Balm . 


MANGE. 




Lucky Four Blister 


R No. 111. 




IMPACTION OF THE BOWELS. 


Physic Ball 




R No. 122. 


Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 




Colic Drench 


Skin Ointment 




Laxotonlc 






Physic Ball 


MOON BLINDNESS. 




INDIGESTION OR OUT OF CON- 
DITION. 


R No. 133. 

Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 




R No. 123. 


Antisepto 




Physic Ball 


Bye Lotion 




Horse Tonic 


MOUTH SORE. 




INFLUENZA. 


R No. 134. 




R No. 124. 


Healing Oil 




Physic Ball 
Fever Paste 
White Liniment 


NASAL GLEET. 
R No. 135. 




Horse Tonic 


Physic Ball 




Antiseptic Poultice 


Horse Tonic 




Germ Killer 


White Liniment 





PRESCRIPTIONS. 



151 



NAVEL DISEASE IN COLTS. 
R No. 136. 

TTmbilicure 
Fever Paste 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

OPEN JOINT. 
R No. 137. 
Germ Killer 
Lucky Four Blister 
Antisepto 
Healing Lotion 

PARALYSIS. 
R No. 138. 
Colic Drench 
Kidney Aid 

PARASITES. 
R No. 139. 

Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 

PARTURITION. 
R No. 140. 

Antisepto 

PHARYNGITIS. 
R No. 141. 

Fever Paste 
White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 

PIMPLES. 

R No. 142. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Skin Ointment 

PINK EYE. 
R No. 97. 

Physic Ball 
White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Fever Paste 
Horse Tonic 
Qerm Killer 

PLEURISY. 
R No. 143. 

Fever Paste 
White Liniment. 

PNEUMONIA. 
R No. 131. 

White Liniment 
Fever Paste 
Germ Killer 
Horse Tonic 

POLL EVIL. 
R No. 144. 

Antiseptic Poultice 
Lucky Four Blister 
Germ Killer 
Healing Lotion 



PURPURA HEMORRHAGICA. 
R No. 145. 
Physic Ball 
Fever Paste 
Horse Tonic 
Badger Balm 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 

QUITTOR. 

R No. 146. 

Germ Killer 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Healing Lotion 

RING BONE. 
R No. 147. 
Bone Blister 

RING WORM. 
R No. 148. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 

ROARING. 

R No. 149. 
Lucky Four Blister 

RUPTURE. 

R No. 150. 
Healing Oil 

SCALDS AND BURNS. 
R No. 151. 

Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

SCRATCHES. 

R No. 152. 

Physic Ball 
Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

SHOE BOILS. 
R No. 94. 

Absorbent 

Lucky Four Blister 

SKIN DISEASE. 
R No. 111. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Skin Ointment 

SORES. 

R No. 153. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Lotion 
Healing Oil 

SORE THROAT. 

R No. 154. 

White Liniment 
Fever Paste 
Horse Tonic 



152 



PRESCRIPTIONS. 



SPAVIN. 

R No. 85. 

Absorbent for Bog Spavin 

R No. 86 

Bone Blister for Bone Spavin 

SPEEDY CRACK. 
R No. 152. 

Pbysic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

SPLINTS. 

R No. 155. 
Bone Blister 

SPRAINS. 

R No. 156. 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Absorbent 
Lucky Four Blister 

STERILITY. 
R No. 83. 
Breeding Tonic 
Antisepto 
Flushing Outfit 

STRANGLES. 
R No. 97. 
Physic Ball 
White Liniment 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Fever Paste 
Horse Tonic 
Germ Killer 

STRING HALT. 
R No. 157. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 

SUNSTROKE. 

R No. 158. 
Fever Paste 
Whiskey 

SWELLING. 
R No. 159. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Toric 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 

SWEENY. 

R No. 160. 
Lucky Four Blister 
White Liniment 

SYNOVITIS. 
R No. 161. 
Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Lucky Four Blister 



TENDON SORE. 
R No. 162. 

Badger Balm 
Antiseptic Poultice 
Lucky Four Blister 

THOROUGHPINS. 
R No. 163. 

Absorbent 

THRUSH IN FEET. 
R No. 164. 

Antiseptic Poultice 
Germ Killer 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 

TUMOR. 

R No. 165. 

Absorbent 

ULCERS. 

R No. 166. 
Germ Killer 
Healing Lotion 
Absorbent 

URINE RETAINED. 
R No. 167. 

Catheter 
Colic Drench 

WARTS. 

R No. 168. 
Wartine 

WIND BROKEN. 
R No. 81. 
Physic Ball 
Horse Tonic 
Heave Powder 

WIND GALLS. 
R No. 169. 

Absorbent 

WIRE CUTS. 
R No. 170. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Absorbent 

WORMS. 

R No. 171. 

Worm Powder 
Physic Ball 
Germ Killer 

WOUNDS. 

R No. 172. 

Germ Killer 
Healing Oil 
Healing Lotion 



PRESCRIPTIONS. 



SWINE 



CASTRATION. 
R No. 173. 
Healing Oil 

ABORTION IN SOWS. 
R No. 174. 
Breeding Tonic 
Antisepto 
Disinfectall 
Flashing Outfit 

JIARRHOEA. 

R No. 175. 

Disinfectall 

Calf Cholera Remedy 



HOG CHOLERA. 
R No. 176. 

Hog Tonic 
Disinfectall 

THUMPS. 

R No. 177. 

Hog Tonic 

WORMS. 

R No. 178. 

Hog Tonic 
Worm Powder 

LICE ON HOGS. 
R No. 179. 
Disinfectall 
Diolice 



SHEEP 



DISTEMPER. 

R No. 180. 

Sheep Tonic 
Disinfectall 

GRUBS IN THE HEAD OF 
SHEEP. 

R No. 181. 

Sheep Tonic 
Disinfectall 



INDIGESTION. 

R No. 182. 

Sheep Tonic 

INTESTINAL WORMS. 
R No. 183. 

Worm Powder 

LUNG WORMS. 
R No. 184. 
Worm Powder 
Disinfectall 



POULTRY 



CATARRHAL OR DIPHTHERIC 
ROUP. 

R No. 185. 

Poultry Roup Paste 

Disinfectall 

Poultry Tonic 

BRONCHIAL ROUP. 
R No. 186. 
Poultry Roup Paste 



CANKER. 
R No. 



187. 



Poultry Roup Paste 
Disinfectall 



CHICKEN POX. 
R No. 188. 

Disinfectall 
Poultry Roup Paste 

CHOLERA. 

R No. 189. 

Poultry Cholera Medicine 
Poultry Tonic 



CROP BOUND. 
R No. 190. 
Poultry Tonic 

DIARRHOEA. 
R No. 191. 

Poultry Cholera Medici n 

GAPES. 

R No. 192. 
Poultry Tonic 

LEG WEAKNESS. 

R No. 193. 

Oil of Camphor 
Iodide Potassium 
Poultry Tonic 



LICE. 

R No. 



194. 



Disinfectall 
Diolice 



154 



PRESCRIPTIONS. 



MOULTING. 
# No. 195. 
Poultry Tonic 



PIP. 



# No. 196. 

Tincture of Aconite 
Poultry Roup Paste 
Disinfectall 



ROUP. 

R- No. 197. 

Disinfectall 
Poultry Tonic 
Poultry Roup 

WORMS. 

R- No. 198. 
Worm Powder 
Epsom Salts 




Dr. David Roberts' 
CALF MEAL 

ooocoooooooooooooooo 

25 Pounds $2.50 



For many years past I have been requested to place upon the market a 
good, reliable Calf Meal. 

Owing to the fact that the great demand for good cattle at the present 
time far exceeds the supply, necessitates raising more calves and it is very 
important to give the calves a good start while they are young, in order to 
develop them into strong, healthy, vigorous animals. 

It is for this reason that I have endeavored to prepare a Calf Meal, which, 
when mixed with skim-milk, will be a substitute for whole milk, thereby 
enabling the live stock breeders to raise the very best calves at a very much 
lower cost than to feed them whole milk, nature's food. 

It is unreasonable to attempt to raise calves without providing for them 
such tood as will enable them to develop into profitable stock at the lowest 
possible cost, thereby making calf raising a profitable business rather than a 
.money losing proposition. 



155 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Anti-Abortion Treatment Outfit 







is 


it-.pbC^JI 




[•RWnuur'J. 






J23 


c~ 


"1 

■ i 


1 




~ 



See Article on Abortion in Cows. 

What Dr. David Roberts' Anti-Abortion Treatment Is. 

It is scientifically prepared by a cattle specialist and graduate of one of the leading 
veterinary colleges of America. 

It has been tried and tested by veterinarians and stock raisers in all parts of the 
United States, Canada, Mexico and Europe and has stood the test. 

It is the cheapest, simplest and easiest method of stamping abortion out of a herd. 

It will positively prevent and overcome abortion in cows, and thereby wipe it 
out of any herd, no matter of how long standing. 

It will convert a diseased, rotten, filthy herd into a perfectly clean, healthy one, 
and by so doing increase the value of the herd. 

It does not cost one cent to use it, as the increased flow of milk (due to a 
healthy herd) will more than pay for the treatment. 

It is profitable to use it, as you will have a lot of strong, healthy calves for 
sale instead of a few sickly, diseased ones. 

The treatment does not in any manner interfere with the regular flow of milk, 
except as it destroys the germs and renders a herd free from disease, consequently 
the cows will naturally increase their flow of milk, and the results are a healthy 
herd, strong, live calves, and an extra amount of milk, which will pay for the 
treatment, while the calves are a clear gain instead of a dead loss. 

A cow that has aborted will be out of condition for a long time, her milk will be 
short in quantity and poor in quality; she will undoubtedly abort next year and is 
more susceptible to other diseases, such as barrenness, etc., unless the germ of abor- 
tion is destroyed. Dr. David Roberts' Anti-Abortion treatment is the only SURE 
way to combat Abortion. 

This treatment is not sold through dealers on account of the personal 
services rendered the stockman while herd is under treatment. 

Write direct to us for further information and special prices. 

In writing, state number of cows, heifers, calves and bulls owned. 



156 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Antisepto 




One Pound Can ■■.wSL *"£m Price $1.00 



This Will Make 16 Gallons of Antiseptic Solution. 



For Washing the Genital Organs of Cattle. Destroying Germs, Thus 

Preventing Infection. Indispensable to the Cattle Owner 

Who Guards the Health of His Animals. 



All cows and heifers having an unnatural or catarrhal discharge from the vagina 
should have their genital organs washed out with the antiseptic solution until all dis- 
charge ceases. 

The sheath of the herd bull should be washed out after each service; this will 
prevent him from becoming infected, and in case he is infected will prevent him from 
infecting cows and heifers bred to him. 

The Antiseptic solution prevents and destroys germs, soothes and heals the inflamed 
mucous membrane of the genital organs, thus preventing the formation of germs and 
the spread of abortion. 

This Antiseptic solution is also good for washing the genital organs of mares, 
ewes and sows. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction tops, which preserves contents and makes il 
easy to remove. 



157 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Breeding Tonic 




2 Pound 
Can 

Price $1.00 



BaVIO ROBERTS BREEDING 
'^5«Mt*TiNe ^^ the ewrrtt 




12 Pound 
Can 

Price $5.00 



For Toning and Regulating the Genital Organs of Live Stock. 

Thus Enabling Cows, Mares, Sows and Ewes to Carry Their Young Full Time. 

Dr. David Roberts' Breeding Tonic, which is prepared especially for pregnant 
animals, should be fed in small quantities in their feed during the period of 
pregnancy. This will keep their genital organs in a strong, healthy condition, 
thereby enabling them to give birth to a strong, healthy animal in the proper man- 
ner, at the same time preventing retention of the afterbirth, catarrhal discharge and 
barrenness, thereby enabling the animal to ward off many diseases that she is 
liable to contract at this critical period. The feeding of this Breeding Tonic to 
pregnant animals strengthens and invigorates the muscles and all of their genital 
organs to such an extent that they have no trouble in giving birth and expelling 
the afterbirth as nature intended they should. 



BARRENNESS 



Cows, Mares, Sows and Ewes. 



Breeding Tonic is unexcelled to tone up the genital organs and place the animal 
in breeding condition. 



158 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Cow Cleaner 



See page 51 

for 

additional 

information 




Price 
$1.00 



An Indispensable Compound for Expelling the 
Afterbirth in Cows and Heifers. 

Thus preventing catarrhal discharges which often produce infectious abortion in 
cattle, also barrenness. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves contents and makes it 
easy to remove. 

An afterbirth that can be removed without force or injury to the cow is in a condi- 
tion to come away of its own accord. 

In removing the afterbirth by main force it is only the body of it and such buttons 
as are torn off that come away, thus leaving many serious conditions. If the cotyledons 
or buttons are forcibly torn off there is great danger of serious internal hemorrhage, as 
well as leaving a lot of clotted blood in the womb to decompose. 

The parts of the afterbirth attached to the buttons are retained and undergo putre- 
faction, and the buttons torn from the womb leave raw sores which become infected by 
the rotting, decomposing, irritating masses of foreign matter, of which a large per cent, 
is absorbed by the system. 

This is liable to produce barrenness and infectious abortion, and the cow by ab- 
sorbing a large portion of this matter dries up on her milk, grows thin rapidly and is 
liable to become a victim of tuberculosis; and if she contracts it, is then in condition to 
expose the entire herd. 

NOTICE. 



A cow that has retained the afterbirth should be placed in a well bedded box-stall. 
Give her warm drinks, boiled oats and hot bran mashes. If in cold weather, place a 
blanket over her. 

A cow that retains the afterbirth will be out of condition for a long time. 

Her milk will be short in quantity, poor in quality and unfit for human use. 

Avoid this danger by having the Cow Cleaner on hand and giving as directed 



ib 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Calf Cholera Remedy 

OR SCOUR MEDICINE. 




Price $1.00 M Price $1.00 



For the Prevention and Cure of Scours in all Live Stock. 

A Valuable Remedy for the Prevention and Cure of 

Scours in Calves, Calf Cholera, White Scours, 

Diarrhoea, Bloody Flux, Dysentery 

and Indigestion. 

The most important factor in the raising of cattle is their care while young. 

Do not think that you are doing the correct thing if you are only managing to keep 
the life in a calf until it is three months old and then have it get fat on grass before 
the winter comes. If you do this you are apt to have a lot of "scrawns" with their 
digestive organs destroyed and which will never make strong, healthy steers or cows 
and will not be good for either dairy, beef or breeding animals. 



SPECIAL CARE OF CALVES UNDER TREATMENT. 

Stable should be thoroughly cleaned, disinfected with Disinfectall, and well drained, 
allowing plenty of sunlight and good ventilation. 

The hind quarters and tail should be washed with a solution of Disinfectall. 

The Calf Cholera Remedy is invaluable in overcoming all stomach and bowel 
troubles in calves, colts, lambs and pigs. 

Calves should be fed sparingly while under treatment. 

This remedy is put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves the con- 
tents and makes it easy to remove. 



ICO 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Badger Balm 



See Cattle 
and Horse 
Section for 
additional 
information 








Price 
50 Cents 



UNEXCELLED FOR 

Sore Teats, Cow Pox, Caked or Inflamed Udder in Cows, Galls, Scratches, Cracked 
Heels, Sore Neck, Cuts, Wounds, Inflamed Swelling and all kinds of diseases in Cattle 
and Horses. 

An excellent Healing Balm for general family use in the following Skin Diseases: 
Piles, Saltrheum, Eczema, Erysipelas, Scrofulous Ulcers, Ringworm, Wounds, Cuts 
Bruises, Boils, Chaps, Sunburn, Chilblains, Frostbites and bites of poisonous insect*. 

Use Badger Balm freely. It is soothing and healing. It should be in every household. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Milk Fever Outfit 



See page 69 

for 

additional 

information 




Price $3.00 



A Tried, Tested and Positive Cure 
for Milk Fever. 

This outfit contains sufficient of the treatment to save from six to ten cows. 

Every owner of a cow should have a Milk Fever Outfit on hand to insure him 
against loss of his best cows by milk fever, as none but the best are liable to be affected. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves contents and makes it 
easy to remove. 



161 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Laxotonic 



See Cattle 
Section for 

additional 
information 




Price 
50 Cents 



A Laxative and Nerve Tonic 



To Overcome Constipation, Paralysis or Stoppage of the Bowels 
of Live Stock. Also to Prevent and Overcome Bloat. 

Laxotonic is administered in small doses dry on the tongue, and the danger of 
drenching is thus avoided. 

Never give a cow a physic, such as salts or oil, for if the bowels are paralyzed, 
these will produce inflammation and death will follow. 



WARNING! 
NEVER DRENCH CATTLE. 

It is absolutely dangerous to administer a physic to cattle by drenching, on account 
of the great liability of part of the drench* passing down the windpipe into the lungs. 

Many a valuable animal has been thus killed outright, or so injured as to linger in 
an unhealthy condition for many months and finally die of lung trouble. 

For this reason our Laxotonic, which is an invaluable powdered compound, wa« 
prepared to overcome constipation and paralysis. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves contents ard makes it 
easy to remove. 



1G2 




Dr. David Roberts' 
Sheep Tonic 

See page 127 for additional 

information 

Price, 12 lb. Can, $5.00 

Sheep Tonic should be used in preventing 
and overcoming all diseases of sheep and goats. 

It is a great deal easier to prevent disease 
than it is to cure it, and at a small expense 
with the use of this Tonic, sheep and goats 
can be kept in a healthy condition and will 
ward off such diseases as Catarrhal Fever, 
Indigestion, and will regulate the bowels. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Cow Tonic 

See Cattle Section 
for additional information 



One Pound Can, 
Price 50 Cts. 

12 Pound Can, 
Price $5.00 





A Valuable Tonic to Have on Hand for Following Ailments: 

Depraved Appetite Catarrhal Fever Lump Jaw 

Caked Udder Inflamed Womb 

Diarrhoea Itching of the Skin 

Cow Pox Contagious Mammitis 

Dropsy of Abdomen Scurf and Tuberculosis 

Lung Fever 

This is a high-class general Tonic, and is excellent for fitting Show Cattle and 
preparing cows and heifers for the advanced registry, as it improves the appetite and 
increases the flow of milk. Put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves 
contents and makes it easy to remove. 

NEVER DRENCH CATTLE. 



Loss of Appetite 
Bloody Urine 
Bloody Milk 
Suppression of Milk 
Indigestion. 



163 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Germ Killer 



One Can 

sufficient to 
make an 

eight gallon 
solution 




Price 50 Cts. 



Wire Cuts 
Broken Knees 
Open Joints 
Collar Boils 
Poll Evil 
Fistula Withers 



FOR WASHING WOUNDS OF ALL KINDS 
Use for Washing: 
Pus Cavities 
Quarter Cracks 
Quittor 

Gravel in Foot 
Sore Neck 



Sore Back 

Thrush in Horses' Feet 

Foot Rot in Sheep 

Roots of Tail and Maine 

Sore Feet in Cattle 



Exterminates Fleas on Dogs, Flies, Germs. 

NOTICE! 

NEVER USE SOAP in washing wounds. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Skin Ointment 




Can contains 
1% pounds 



Price $1.00 



An Invaluable Remedy for Mange 

Also an excellent skin tonic and healer for skin diseases of all nature, such as Itch, 
Eczema, Erythema, Scab, Ringworm, Dandruff and Scruf. 

It also prevents the spread of Skin Diseases, which is oftentimes catching, such as 
Mange. 



164 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Antiseptic Poultice 



Contents of 

this Can 

makes ten 

pounds of 

poultice 




Price $1.00 



AN ABSOLUTELY RELIABLE ANTISEPTIC POULTICE. INVALUABLE 
IN OVERCOMING heat, swelling and inflammation of any part of the body or limbs 
of live stock, AND SHOULD BE USED FOR POULTICING THE FOLLOWING 
AILMENTS: 



Sore or swollen throat in horses or 

cattle, 
Sore, riot or inflamed feet in horses 

or cattle, 
Swollen hocks, 
Swollen knees, 

Swollen or inflamed tendons, 
Hot, swollen or inflamed joints, 
Foot rot or cracked claws in cattle, 
Poll Evil or Fistulas, 



Nail pricks, Quittor, Corns, or Founder 

in horses, 
Sore Backs or Necks, 
Caked or inflamed udder in cows, 
Bruises or Boils, 
Pneumonia in cattle or horses, 
Kicks and Bruises, 
Cracked Heels, 
Scratches and all inflammation. 



This Antiseptic poultice is not to be compared with any vegetable poultice (such 
as flaxseed), and it never sours and is always free from germs. Is cooling, soothing 
ind healing. 

On account of its freedom from germs is often used in human practice with the 
best of results. 

Put .up in air-tight can? with friction top, which preserves contents and makes it 
easy to remove. 



It would be well to have a can on hand for emergency cases. 



165 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Worm Powder 



One Pound 
Can 

50 Cents 




12 Pound 
Can 

$5.00 



An Effective Remedy for Expelling and Freeing Animals of 
Stomach and Intestinal Worms of all Kinds. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction top, which preserves contents and makes it 
easy to remove. 

SYMPTOMS. 

Slight colicky pains are noticed at times, or there may be only switching of the 
tail, frequent passage of manure, itching of the anus, or rubbing of the tail or rump 
against the stall or fences. The horse is in poor condition; does not shed his coat; is 
hide-bound and pot-bellied ; the appetite is depraved, licking the walls, biting the wood- 
work of the stalls, licking parts of the bed; eating earth, being particularly fond of 
salt; the bowels are irregular and constipated or diarrhoea being noticed. Adherence of 
dried, whitish substance about the anus and turning up of the upper lip. 

(A symptom is a sign used by a dumb brute in trying to make his keeper under- 
stand that he is in need of medical aid, and should have it rather than stand the untold 
torture he undergoes while infested with worms.) 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Eye Lotion 



Six Ounce 
Bottle 




Price 
50 Cents 



An Unequaled Remedy for Sore and Inflamed Eyes, of all 
Descriptions in all Kinds of Live Stock. 



Very Valuable in Pink Eye and Catarrhal Affections of the Eye. 



166 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS. 

White Liniment 

Price 50 Cents 

For Man or Beast. An Old, 

Tried and True Liniment 

That Never Fails. 




Gives Quick Relief in Cases 

of Rheumatism. Once 

Used, Always Used. 

For All Sprains, Bruises, 

Sore Throat, Lung 

Fever, Etc., Etc. 

This Liniment is Excellent 
for Garget, Caked or In- 
flamed Udder in 
Cows. 



Family Use. — Chronic and Inflammatory Rheumatism. 

Strained Ligaments and Joints, Contracted Cords, Muscular Soreness, Sciatica, 
Lumbago, Pleurisy, Side Ache, Lame Back, Sore Throat and Chest, and all Neuralgia 
Pains. 

Veterinary Use. — Sweeney, Sprained Tendons. 

Muscular and Ligamentary Lameness, Shoulder, Stifle and Hip Joint Lameness, 
Swollen Glands, Sore Throat with Distemper or Influenza, and Congestion or Inflam- 
mation of the Lungs. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS. 

Absorbent 

Price $1.00 

See Cattle and Horse Section 
for additional information. 




The Best Remedy Known for 
Lump Jaw and for Remov- 
ing any Unnatural En- 
largement on any 
Part of the Body 
or Limbs of 
Live Stock. 



For External Use Only. 



Dr. David Roberts' ABSORBENT is especially prepartd to remove by absorbing, 
any unnatural ailment or enlargment of any part of the body or limbs, such as: 

LUMP JAW, CALLOUS COLLAR GALLS, 

SPLINTS, CURBS, POLL EVIL, 

SIDEBONES, RINGBONE, FISTULA WITHERS, 

THOROUGHPIN, COLD ABSCESS, 

BOG SPAVIN, ENLARGED GLANDS, such as Goiters, 

CHAPPED HOCK, Lump Jaw and Enlargements due to 

SHOEBOILS, WINDPUFFS, Kicks, Bruises, Cuts, Etc. 

If the owner of an animal would stop and consider how much the appearance of 
it would be improved by the removal of a single blemish, he would undoubtedly have 
all blemishes removed, and in so doing greatly increase the value of the animal. <* 



167 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Wartine 



See Cattle 
and Horse 
Section for 
additional 
information 




Price 
50 Cents 



A harmless and painless treatment for removing warts of all kinds on livestock. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Umbilicure 



See Navel Disease 
in Colts and Calves; 
also Foaling and 
Calving 




For Preventing 

Diseases 
* Contracted 
through the 
Navel Cord of 
Calves, Colts, 

Mules and 

other Young 

Animals 



The death of 75 per cent, of the young animals which die at birth may be attributed 
to diseases contracted through the navel cord, such as heat, swelling, lameness and 
gathering in any joints of the body, usually that of the ankle, hock, knee or stifle, which 
gathers, breaks and discharges a large amount of pus. Death soon follows unless prop- 
erly treated; for this reason it is necessary and very important to not only examine, but 
to treat the navel cord at birth to prevent the death of the young animal. 

NOTICE. 

All apartments where an animal is placed to bring forth its young should be 
thoroughly cleaned, bedded, ventilated and disinfected. An attendant should be present 
and the navel cord of all colts and calves should be cut six inches long and tied with 
a string soaked in Umbilicure and then apply Umbilicure to navel cord as directed 
In this manner many a young animal can be saved which would otherwise die withou* 
the cause being known to the owner. 



168 




A Quick and Ready Relief 
for Coughs, Colds, Dis- 
temper and all Throat and 
Lung Troubles in Cattle 
and Horses. 



DR. DAVID 

ROBERTS 

Fever Paste 

See Cattle 

and Horse 
Sections for 

additional 
information. 

Price, $1.00. 

FOR 

Colds Influenza Pleurisy Inflammation of Lungs 

Cough Laryngitis Lung Fever Congestion of Lungs 

Sore Throat Pharyngitis Climatic Fever Stockyard Distemper 

Distemper Bronchitis Catarrhal Fever Asthma 

And all Throat and Lung Troubles 

NOTICE! 

Sore Throat or Lung Trouble. 

A sick animal should be placed in a well-bedded box stall and blanketed. Allow 
plenty of water and fresh air, but no draught. 

The stall should be thoroughly disinfected and kept clean. Give animal Fever 
Paste according to directions. 

Never drench a horse while suffering from distemper, sore throat or lung 
trouble. 

Have Fever Paste in the house for immediate use. 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



STOKDIP 

For Prevention of Diseases 




Dipping of live stock should be practiced at 
least twice a year and during favorable weather. 
The temperature of the solution should be kept 
luke warm or as near 65 degrees Fahrenheit as 
possible. In other words, it is important to keep 
the temperature of the solution as near the tem- 
perature of the weather as possible as it will avoid 
discomforts. Water of alkali nature, used for dip- 
ping, should be softened by adding one ounce of 
salsoda to each 100 gallons of water before mix- 
ing witli Stokdip. 

Nearly all live stock diseases are due to germs. In order to prevent and over- 
come them, it is absolutely necessary to remove the cause by destroying the germs. 
This can be done by the use of Stokdip. Dr. David Roberts' Stokdip is a germ and 
insect destroyer. These organisms are the cause of such diseases as Abortion, 
Anthrax, Calf Cholera, Climatic Fever, Catarrhal Fever, Cow Pox, Hog Cholera, 
Poultrv Cholera, Pink Eve, Tuberculois, Texas Fever, Thrush, Blackleg, Distemper, 
Influenza, Itch or Mange in Cattle, Shipping Fever, Stock Yard Distemper, Scab in 
Sheep, Southern Itch, Mange in Horses, Glanders, Lice. Ring Worm, Foot Rot, 
Oxbot Fly or Grub, Nettle Rash, etc. Stokdip is invaluable for dipping Sheep, 
Cattle Hogs and Horses, for destroying Scabs, Lice, Mange and all Parasitic and 
Skin Diseases of live stock. 



169 



Dr. David Roberts' Healing Lotion 



12 Ounce 
Bottle 




Price 
50 Cents 



For live stock, healing old sores and preventing proud flesh. 

This healing lotion should be used in the following ailments, and ought to be 
in every stock raiser's home. 
Fistulas, Withers, Wire Cuts, 

Quittors, Poll Evil, 



Cracked claws in cattle, 



Proud Flesh, 



Pus Cavities, 



And all deep seated wounde. 




DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Heave Powder 

See page 101 for additional 
information. 



1 Pound Can 

Price 

50 Cents 

12 Pound Can 
Price $5.00 



An Invaluable Tonic for Heaves, Asthma and Broken Wind in Horses. 

This Treatment Always Gives Relief and Cures if Directions are Followed. 

Put up in air-tight, friction-top, one-pound cans, which preserves the contents 
and makes it easy to remove; also in 12-pound wood jacket cans. 




170 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Horse Tonic 




See Horse Section for additional 
information 



One Pound Can 
Price 50 Cents 

12 Pound Can 
Price $5.00 



This HORSE TONIC is an effective stimulant, and should be given to prevent an' 1 
overcome the following ailments in horses, colts and mules: 




Indigestion, 
Loss of Appetite, 
Staring Coat, 
Hide Bound, 
Lack of Ambition, 
Stocking of Limbs, 
Capricious Appetite, 



Loose Bowels, 

Mange, 

Emaciation, 

Catarrhal Fever, 

Distemper, 

Itch, 



And all Blood and Skin Diseases. 

Put up in air-tight cans with friction top which preserves contents and makes it 
easy to remove; also in 12-pound wood jacket cans. 



NOTICE! 

This HORSE TONIC is excellent for conditioning horses and colts for the show 
ring. 

Examine your horses' teeth, and if the edges are sharp or ragged, have them 
dressed. 



171 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Colic Drench 



See Horse 

Section for 

additional 

information 




Price 
75 Cents 



A Never Failing Remedy for Wind Colic, Spasmodic Colic, Indiges- 
tion, Impaction of the Bowels, and Stoppage 
of the Water. 



HOW TO KNOW COLIC. 

In the first stage the horse will begin to be uneasy, looks around, raises up his 
hind feet towards his belly, steps around from one side of the stall to the other, stops 
eating, will curl as if to lie down. In the second stage, he lies down and gets up 
again after lying perhaps a couple of minutes. In the third stage, he rolls, kicks, 
sweats profusely, has a haggard countenance, is inclined to turn upon his back, and 
remain so. If it does not leave off in the course of half an hour, it is apt to run into 
enteritis and kill him. 

Every horse owner should have a bottle of Colic Drench on hand for an 
emergency case. Failure to give prompt relief may mean the loss of an animal. 



HOW TO DRENCH A HORSE. 



Back the animal into a single stall, place a clothes line around his upper teeth 
and pass it over a beam, pull him up gently and give one swallow at a time. (See 
page 95.) 



172 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Physic Ball for Horses 



See Horse 
Section for 

additional 
information 




Price 
50 Cents 



A PHYSIC BALL should be given every two weeks to all horses and colts (ex- 
cept mares with foal) afflicted with the following ailments: 

Out of Condition, Skin Diseases, Indigestion, 

Loss of Appetite, Swollen Sheath, Staring Coat, 

Hide bound, Worms, Depraved Appetite, Swollen Limbs, 
Heaves and Constipation. 

Give a PHYSIC BALL every three months to horses apparently in good condition, 
as it will keep them in good health and spirit. 

All horses that are not turned out to pasture should be given a PHYSIC BALL 
occasionally to stimulate the liver, aid digestion, expel parasites, sleeken the coat, and 
keep the animal in a good working condition. 

A few of these Physic Balls should be kept on hand at all times for use in emer- 
gency cases. 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Healing Oil 



8 Ounce 
Can 




Price 
50 Cents 



A Positive Gall Cure, also a Valuable Preparation as a Healer for 
Sore Backs, Collar Boils, Open Joints, 

Shoe Boils, Broken Knees, Collar Galls, 

Wire Cuts, Fistula Withers, 

Poll Evil and all Flesh Wounds. 

In castrating colts, pigs, lambs, calves or other farm animals, use HEALING OIL 
freely on parts after the operation. This will prevent any bad results and insure 
prompt healing. 

A bottle ef this Oil should be kept handy and applied when needed. 



173 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Hoof Remedy 



See Horse 
Section for 

additional 
information 




Price 
50 Cents 



Positively the Best Treatment for the Prevention and Cure of 
Contracted Hoofs. 

And to Overcome Such Ailments as Corns, Founder, Soreness, and 
all Ailments of the Feet. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Lucky Four Blister 




See Horse Section for additional 
information. 

Price 50 Cents. 

This Blister should be used in the treat- 
ment of all cases requiring a good pene- 
trating, stimulating Blister, including 
Lameness of Shoulder, Stifle, Tendons, 
Hip Joints, also Sweeny. 

For Contracted Hoofs apply a little of 
the Blister, to cornet, at the same time ap- 
plying the Hoof Remedy to the outside 
and bottom of hoof. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Bone Blister 




See Horse section for additional 
information. 

Price $1.00. 

This Blister should be used in the 
treatment of the following ailments: 



Bone Spavin 
Ring Bone 
Side Bone 



Splint 
Curb 
Capped Hock 



174 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Poultry Cholera Medicine 



See page 134 

for 

additional 

information 




Price 
50 Cents 



To Prevent and Overcome Cholera in Poultry. 

This remedy is put up in an air-tight can with friction top, which preserves con- 
tents and makes it easy to remove. 

To prevent Cholera among poultry a can should be kept on hand and used when 
first symptoms of disease are shown. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Kidney Aid 



See Cattle 
and Horse 
Sections for 

additional 
information 




Price $1.00 



To Prevent and Overcome Kidney Diseases in Horses and Red 

Water in Cattle. 

This remedy is put up in air-tight can with friction top which preserves eon- 
tents and makes it easy to remove. 

A can of this remedy should be kept on hand at all times for sudden cases of that 
dreaded disease Azoturia, for which it is the best cure known. 

Red Water in cows is also speedily cured with this remedy. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Fly Oil 



175 



Price, 
1 Gal. $1.25 




Price, 
5 Gal. $5.0C 



Use Fly Oil Freely. 

Animals sprayed in the morning with Fly Oil will be protected from flies and in- 
sects for the entire day. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Horn Killer 



See page 63 
for 
additional 
information 




Price 
50 Cents 



A powerful solution for stopping the growth of horns on calves. 
The dangerous, painful and cruel process of sawing horns can be avoided by the 
use of this preparation, which is certain and painless. 



176 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Hog Tonic 



See page 121 for addi- 
tional information 



^*£ UK. OAYIO ROBERT* 




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SWMf 
8ISf J5SS j 


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2 Pound Can 
Price $1.00 



12 Pound Can 
Price $5.00 




Hog Cholera is an infectious disease of the bowels, and often infects the lungs, and 
is due to a bacillus which is carried by the wind from one herd to another. It is for 
this reason that this medicine should be given as a preventive, to all hogs in a district 
where Hog Cholera prevails, as it increases the appetite, stimulates digestion, rids the 
hog of worms, puts him in a thrifty condition, enables him to take on flesh and ward 
off diseases. 

Use Hog Tonic freely, it means better results. 



NOTICE! 



If one or more animals are attacked, the apparently well ones should be removed at 
once to another pen, and the infected pen be well disinfectd with DISINFECTALL. 

The apparently well hogs should be kept in a well ventilated, dry pen, and re- 
ceive the best of care, Hog Tonic, wholesome food and pure water, and if any more 
get sick, the apparently well ones MUST again be REMOVED to another pen, and 
so on until the DISEASE HAS BEEN CONTROLLED. 



177 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 



Poultry Tonic 



See Poultry 

Section for 

additional 

information 




2 Pound 

Package 

Price 25 Cents 

10 Pound Pail 
Price $1.25 

30 Pound Pail 
Price $3.00 



Unexcelled as an Egg Producer, and for Fattening Fowls and Raising 
Young Chickens, Turkeys, Ducks and Geese. 

Poultry fattens quickly if the proper conditions exist. Profit can be more than 
doubled. All fowls must be healthy to fatten. The blood must be in good condition, 
the bowels regular and the digestive organs in good order. 

The only quick, positive and reliable method to do this is by the use of a GOOD 
POULTRY TONiC. It not only enriches the regular food, but it is an excellent flesh 
producer, and aids poultry to put on flesh so quickly as to make the most tender and 
juicy eating. 

Fowls respond to this food promptly. 

POULTRY TONIC will not only make hens lay, but it will ward off and prevent 
many diseases that poultry is subject to, such as: 



PIP, 

ROUP, 

GAPES, 

VERTIGO, 

APOPLEXY, 

CATARRH, 



PARALYSIS, 
DIARRHOEA, 
BRONCHITIS, 
CONSUMPTION, 
CHICKEN CHOLERA. 



Try it on half your flock and compare results. 



178 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS' 

Diolice 



\y 2 Pound 

Air Tight 

Sifting Top 

Package 




Price 
50 Cents 



An Unequaled Powdered Louse Killer 
For Destroying Lice on all Live Stock and Poultry. 

Diolice may be used at all seasons of the year, especially during the winter months, 
when it is unsafe to use liquids on account of the danger of stock taking cold. 

IMPORTANT ! 

Fowls cannot gain flesh or lay as they should if annoyed by lice. Setting hens 
will leave their eggs. DIOLICE should be used thoroughly during the hatching sea- 
son. It will insure the lives of many little chickens that would otherwise succumb to 
disease by being worried and weakened by lice. Growing chickens must not waste 
their time in picking lice from themselves when they should be finding food and 
putting on flesh. These precautions will keep poultry free from lice and mites, and 
thereby make the poultry business profitable. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Poultry Roup Paste 



See page 136 

for 

additional 

information 




Price 
50 Cents 



Prevents and Cures Roup in Poultry. 
HOW TO KNOW ROUP. 

Sneezing, discharge at nostrils, wheezing, rattling at throat and a bad odor about 
the nostrils or mouth. 

Fowl wants to sleep most of the time with head under wing. 



179 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS 

Stokvigor 




2 Pound 

package 

Price $1.00 



See page 

139 for 

additional 

information 



12 Pound 

Pail 
Price $5.00 




AN ADVANCED IDEA IN STOCK TONIC. 

Our Stokvigor which is a Condensed Stock Tonic, contains nothing but the 
purest of ground roots and herbs necessary to stimulate and tone up the digestive 
organs of all live stock. 

It is put up in this way to save freight. 

DIRECTIONS FOR MAKING YOUR OWN STOCK TONIC 

Mix thoroughly 2 pounds of Stokvigor to every 25 pounds of ground flaxseed. 
You will then have an unadulterated Stock Tonic that has no equal. 

This Stock Tonic will aid digestion, increase the how of milk, save milk in raising 
calves, keep hogs healthy and fatten them quickly, sleeken and fatten horses. It is a 
bone and muscle builder, and for this reason all young stock as well as matured animals 
should receive it. 

To be successful in the breeding of cattle, and especially show cattle, much atten- 
tion should be given in order to produce strong, robust, healthy, superior individuals. 
In order to expect this the calf from the moment that it drops should receive proper 
care and such food as will be digested and assimilated, so as not to overtax the digestive 
organs. To avoid this, such ingredients should be added to the feed as will aid diges- 
tion and assimilation, thus causing rapid development of bone and muscle, and the 
result will be a perfect animal. 

Profit can be made easy and saved by the regular use of a good Stock Tonic, in 
the form of a pure, unadulterated Stock Food, which you can make at home and know 
positively that it is absolutely pure. 

Two pounds of Stokvigor mixed thoroughly with every 25 pounds of salt and 
put in troughs in a sheltered place where the cows can have free access to it in 
passing to and from the pasture, will keep them in a healthy condition. 

Stock raisers should mix their own Stock Tonic and know it is clean and pure. 
Try a can and see the difference between prepared Stock Tonic and that which you 
mix yourself. 



180 



Dr. David Roberts Disinfectall 



Price $1.25 
per gallon 




5 gallons 
$5.00 



Nearly all live stock diseases are due to germs, and in order to prevent and cure 
them it is absolutely necessary to remove the cause, by destroying the germs in the 
stables. 

This can be done by the liberal use of Disinfectall. 

Dr. David Roberts' Disinfectall is a germ and insect destroyer, and as these 
organisms are the cause of such diseases as Infectious Abortion, Calf Cholera, Tuber- 
culosis, Texas Fever, Hog Cholera, Chicken Cholera, Anthrax, Catarrhal Fevers, Dis- 
temper, Pink Eye, Blackleg, Influenza, Shipping Fever, Climatic Fever, Stock Yards 
Distemper, Glanders, Scabs in Sheep, etc., Disinfectall is invaluable for dipping 
Sheep, Cattle, Hogs and Horses, for destroying Scabs, Ticks, Lice, Mange and all 
Parasitic and Skin Diseases of Live Stock. 

Use Disinfectall freely throughout the stables and prevent the spread of diseases 
by killing the germs in the air. It is easier to prevent than to cure. 

Write for Prices on Barrel lota 

IMPORTANT! 

Sixty drops equal one teaspoonful. 

One drachm equals one teaspoonful. 

Four teaspoonfuls equal one tablespoonful. 

Two tablespoonfuls equal one ounce. 

Sixteen ounces equal one pint. 

For dipping live stock use one gallon of Disinfectall to 50 gallons of water. 



DR. DAVID ROBERTS' VIGORINE. 

For toning and stimulating the genital organs of live stock. 
Price, $2.00 per can. 
Many valuable sires such as stallions and bulls, are disposed of at a sacrifice, 
owing to the fact that their genital organs are in a weakened condition. 

VIGORINE will stimulate and restore to a normal ondition, the genital organs 
of all animals thus afflicted, thereby preventing a serious loss to the live stock 
industry 



181 

TEST YOUR HERD 

This Outfit Complete for Testing Cattle for Tuberculosis. 

Price $5.00 

Including Tuberculin Sufficient 
to Test Ten Head. 

Price of Tuberculin: 

1 to 50 doses, 15 cents per dose. 
50 to 100 doses, 12 cents per dose. 
100 to 1,000 doses, 10 cts. per dose. 

Delivered by Mail Postpaid. 

I supply charts for recording 
temperatures, and also 

Advise You Free of Charge 

exact condition of your herd, after 
chart is returned to me. 

Order an Outfit today and Test 

Your Own Herd, and be on 

the Safe Side. 

See Page 75 How to Apply Test. 




If Your Cows 
MILK HARD 

Use This Hard Milking 
Outfit 

Many good cows are spoiled, because they 
milk hard and therefore are only half milked 
by careless milkers. 

THIS OUTFIT, shown here, used as directed, 
will overcome the trouble, save the hard work, 
save all the milk and save the cow's usefulness. 

Milking tubes are only makeshifts, do not 
remedy the trouble, and besides, are injurious. 
These Teat Plugs are simply inserted in the 

teats and permitted to remain between milkings ~~^~ 

for a few days until sphincter muscles of the teats are normally and permanently relaxed. 

The outfit shown here is complete, including a long teat plug for overcoming contraction near 
the udder, and a short teat plug, for relaxing the muscles at the tip of the teat, a bottle of Germ 
Killer for making an antiseptic wash, and a liberal box of Badger Balm for healing sore teats 
and lubricating the plugs. , 

The teat plugs, bottle and box are made of aluminum enclosed in neat case. Full directions 
on the inside of the lid. 

If your dealer don't have this, send 50 cents to 

DR. DAVID ROBERTS VETERINARY CO. 




500 Grand Avenue 



WAUKESHA. WISCONSIN 



182 




rCattle Trocar $1 .50 



2-af 

1 -b Plain Thermometer 75 

2 b Thermometer, with Rubber Case ... 1 .00 
Thermometer, with Chain and Tail Clasp 1 .25 

3 Womb Sound 1 .00 

'4 Teat Expander 1 . 50 

5 Teat Bistoury 1.50 



6 Rubber Milking Tube $ .50 

7 Metal Milking Tube 35 

8 Teat Plug 25 

9 Womb Dilator 1 .00 

10 Hypodermic Syringe 2 . 50 

1 1 Metal Cased Thermometer 1 . 50 

12 Hose and Funnel 50 

13 Drenching Hook 1 .00 



IN CONCLUSION 

We desire to emphasize in the strongest possible terms our desire to be of practical 
assistance to the owners and breeders of Live Stock. 

We will consider it a privilege to answer by personal correspondence any questions 
relating to the care and management of Cattle, Horses, Swine, Sheep and Poultry. Dr. 
David Roberts himself will reply to all inquiries regarding diseases of live stock and 
their treatment. 

We guarantee the genuineness of every testimonial appearing in this book. 

In all cases where it is desired that Dr. David Roberts visit the herd, we will be 
phased to arrange for such a visit, to any point in the United States or Canada, as soon 
as his other professional engagements will permit. 

It is impossible to cover in this condensed treatise all of the diseases of live stock. 
To do this would require many volumes. 

No matter from what disease your stock may suffer, if you will write us fully 
regarding same, Dr. David Roberts will write you personally, advising you as to the 
proper treatment and the method of administering same. 

In a word, the aim of this company is to render valuable service to owners and 
breeders of live stock everywhere. 

We desire to thank our friends for their patronage and generous indorsement of 
our medicines and other products, and to extend to them our sincerest good wishes for 
their continued prosperity and success in raising the standard of their flocks and herds. 

Faithfully yours, 

Dr. David Roberts Veterinary Co., 
500 Grand Avenue, 

Waukesha, Wis., U. S. A. 



HOW TO ORDER. 

Purchase medicines from our dealer in your town. If you have no dealer and no 
order sheet write plainly the name of medicine wanted and make remittance either by 
Post Office Order, Express Order or Bank Draft on Chicago or New York to Dr. David 
Roberts Veterinary Co., Waukesha, Wis., U. S. A. 

Remittance must accompany order, otherwise medicine will be sent C. O. D. 



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